Freud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Essay

entree There are three well- nurse it offn influential thinkers who are considered to be pi angiotensin-converting enzymeers in the field of psychology. It could be argued that without . , the emergence of psychology as we know it might not pay off ever happened, at least in its present form. Freud is considered by his modern-day counterparts to be the founding father of analytical psychology, as he is the first to seduce come up with an albeit rudimentary, solely nevertheless valuable model of the human psyche.Prior to his groundbreaking work, the spirit of human cognisance was largely reachd and theorized by medical doctors and theologians. Then on that point is Adler, (who was the first to have suggested the societal impact on emotions and thought processes and vice-versa, disceptation that consciousness and culture have what could be termed as a dependent relationship. He emphasized, similarly, the importance of self-esteem and was the first to say that without a wel l self-esteem, an individual would develop an inferiority/ superscriptity difficult which would in discharge affect many aspects of life. locomote but not least, Carl Jung, who was a respected colleague of Freud in his earlier years, focused on the spiritual aspects of consciousness and proverb the value it played on thoughts and emotions. We provide explore in this paper the parking areaalities between these founding fathers of psychology as well as their differences, and explore the strengths in their theories as well as the weaknesses. By appreciation the founders of this very(prenominal) subjective field of scientific thought, we target gain a better picture of how psychology has evolved over the years and apply it to our receive research and studies.Sigmund FreudAccording to Freudian possibility, the consciousness is composed of three debate forces the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (Freud used the German term Das es) which consists of our instinct-driven beha vior. Governed by what he termed the amusement article of faith, It is largely pleasure-seeking when we are hungry, we seek to obtain relief from these feelings by eating. Because the id is a self-gratifying drive, it green goddess, correspond to Freud, cause problems if left unchecked, since the person would have utterly no self-control and wouldnt be able to exercise the willpower necessary to function in society.In accordance with what Freud calls The Reality Principle, The ego (das ich) copes with the limitations of reality by putting into place coping mechanisms when whizs basest needs cannot be fulfilled. For instance, it is the ego which represses the needs of the id by light up early for work when the id tells us to sleep in late. The Superego (uber ich) tries to practice over the ego and id with righteous principles which are both conscious and unconscious. It can be descri slam as ones religious convictions and moral principles.The Superego can override the ego a nd id when something must be done for the great good, i. . for moral reasons. An other(a) Fundamental element of Freudian theory is his storys of psychosexual development, which categorizes each stage as follows The oral stage where a child seeks comfort from suckling, the anal stage where the child is toilet-trained, the phallic stage where a childs awareness of a penis (or miss thereof) plays a decisive lineament in early development, the latent period, and ultimately the genital stage. In each of these stages (aside from the latent stage where it is believed no crucial psychosexual development takes place) if there is a disturbance in approach pattern development, a fixation can occur.For instance, if a child is weaned from breastfeeding too early, he or she can have an oral fixation which would lucid itself as nail-biting or smoking later in life. Last but not least, Freud was the first to propose that when we face situations we cannot emotionally handle, we have certain defense mechanisms such as repression, suppression, denial, displacement, sublimation, intellectualization, and rationalization, regression, and reaction formation. These mechanisms can be considered normal, especially during grieving periods.Much later, Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross made shock and denial one of the first stages of the grieving process, and it has been well-documented that denial can be very super C if not normal as long as it doesnt incur permanent. Defense mechanisms can become very unhealthy if they dont withaltually give way to directly coping with the emotions which are beingness denied or repressed. These defense mechanisms, in their most extreme forms can be very difficult to run across for those who havent shared the alike(p) experience.For example, it is very executable for a woman to be so deeply in denial of a pregnancy that she will continue to hang up until the time of delivery. She could as well as attribute the normal symptoms of pregnancy with other possible explanations, i. e. morning sickness being stomach flu and the treats kicks being gas. A typical example of displacement can be seen with people who abuse animals or children. If a person feels they cannot express anger or aggression to a parent or hearty other for fear of repercussions, they will channel the anger and direct it to the family embrace or their child, who cannot fight back.Regression can be another common defense mechanism, and it usually happens when an individual is overwhelmed with anxiety and feels they cannot directly face the extension of their emotions. A very common scenario is for an adult to remain in bed all day and sleep to avoid painful feelings shortly by and by a loved-one dies. Another example is when a child is afraid to practise school because of a bully, and becomes extremely clingy with the parent when he or she was very independent prior to the problem.Carl JungJung and Freud became friends in 1906, aft(prenominal) Freud ha d read some of Jungs writings and invited him for a meeting in Zurich. Their first conversation was give tongue to to have lasted for 13 hours, with the two men exchanging ideas and elaborating on their theories. Freud saw Jung as somewhat of a protege, referring to Jung as his crown prince and successor. Their correspondence and acquaintance lasted six years, but Jung eventually express dissent with Freud over the role the unconscious mind played in human behavior.While Freud saw the unconscious as somewhat of a repository of repressed memories which could be manifested unbeknownst to the conscious mind, Jung believed that the ability to tap into the unconscious mind was possible and could contribute to emotional well-being. And while he agreed that it was important to understand past trauma and its influence on present behavior, he in like manner believed that the future didnt necessarily need to be determined by such things. The role spirituality played in his psychoanalytic theories in like manner made him a pioneer in his own rite, though it was never something he and Freud could agree upon.Alfred Adler Alfred Adler was in any case a contemporary of Dr. Freud and even joined his analytic society in 1902. By 1911 however, he too expressed dissent with many of Freuds opinions and left to form his own society, the family for Free Psychoanalytic Research. It can be reiterated that while he agreed with Freud that psycho-social development could be affected by influential factors set about early in life, he came up with theories of his own which contrasted with those of his colleague.For instance, he believed that a child feels inherently weak around his or her elders, and strives to become superior to them throughout the course of early life. This term, known as striving for favorable position, states that if the need for personal accomplishment and success is not met, an inferiority complex can develop, causing many other problems later on. He also proposed the theory that birth order plays a crucial role in emotional development. For example, he stated that an oldest child has it the worst, as he or she starts off having both parents unlimited attention and time.Later on after other siblings are born, an oldest child isnt given the same heart and soul of attention and is left to wonder why. Childhood neglect and abuse also have a profound impact on psychosocial development according to Adler, and numerous case studies continue to arise which prove his theory to be valid even today. Conclusion While many of the theories of Freud, Adler and Jung have been either dispelled or refined by case studies and discoveries in the field of neuroscientific research, there is no doubt they were pioneers in the field of psychology.Freuds concepts of defense mechanisms have withstood the test of time even though his theories of psychosexual development have been outmoded, and Jungian psychoanalysis is still relevant today. Adlers views on self-esteem and childhood development have been verified by clinical research, even if some of the finer points of his research had been discarded. While there is continued debate and new findings which will always create dissent and result in new discoveries related to psychology, it is certain that the work of these three early founders will remain significant for decades to come.