Philosophical analysis Essay

Judging from the ideas raised in the Introduction of this work, it is clear that one must consider Buddhism a type of philosophy – that is, as a way of life. Many authors have already proceeded to claim that this particular religious phenomenon is chiefly characterized by the numerous practical precepts which serve as guides towards an enlightened living. It is good to note that Buddhism, pretty much like philosophy, is concerned with the pursuit of enlightenment or truth. An enlightened self – immortalized perhaps in Western Philosophy by Plato’s Allegory of the Cave – is surely the goal why one enters into philosophical discourses. In so far as Buddhism offers its own distinct ways to attain enlightenment as well, it is therefore with good reasons that one should classify this religion as philosophical in many ways. Buddhism however does not stop at stipulating suggestions for right living alone. As a system of belief, it also offers perspectives about the whole of reality. Like philosophical discourses, Buddhism is a belief system that speaks of its perspective about the ultimate realities like human existence, cosmology, human knowledge, ontology and theology. Surely, there is a need to look into these briefly Buddhism’s take on reality encourages an attitude of detachment on account of a belief that â€Å"everything is impermanent† (Griffiths, 1997, p. 16), and therefore in a state of constant flux. Much of Buddhism’s view about reality rests on the belief that the world is full of ‘diversity’, and the more is able to ‘reveal’ or appreciate it, the closer is one to the truth about the ever passing universe (Williams, 1989, p. 3). This idea is interestingly shared by an ancient Western philosopher that went by the name Heraclitus, who taught that â€Å"fire†- an element in a perpetual state of movement – is the basic element that constitutes reality. Buddhism, one need to remember, is not so much concerned with the rigorous definition of reality. But in so far it embraces an attitude of non-attachment in relating to all things, Buddhism has to anchor this belief system on a formidable reason – that one’s attachment over things is futile given the fact that all things pass away. In fact, most of what Buddhism teaches is drawn from this ontological belief; and this doctrine of impermanence must be seen as a recurrent theme in its whole system of perspective. As far as Epistemology is concerned, the doctrine of impermanence is also maintained. Buddhism teaches that nothing can be known with exact certitude because all things are ephemeral and thus, as mentioned a while ago, â€Å"they are not what they seem† (Griffiths, 1997, p. 19). Everything is subject to change and passes away. Thus, one may not arrive at a definitive knowledge about things at all. Which is why, Buddha maintained that â€Å"dissatisfaction† is a constant theme that defines the feelings of all who search for knowledge or truth (Mitchell, 2002, p. 33). No one is able to know what reality is; and its appearance is often misleading. One may notice that this epistemology is actually consistent with Buddhism’s anthropology, or, its understanding of human nature. If one checks the teachings of Buddha about man, one can clearly see the doctrine of impermanence as patent in it too. Buddha believes that human nature is nothing but a constitution of events called materiality, sensation, conceptualization, volition and consciousness (Griffiths, 1997, p. 20). This type of anthropology views man not as an existing individual substance (which most of Western Philosophy have understood what human nature is), but an â€Å"impermanent self† constituted by personal events (Griffith, 1997, p. 20). Cosmology for Buddhism follows the same line of logic. Constant flux is patent in its belief that the world follows a rhythm of birth and rebirth, of cycle and current, of existence and passage. The bulk of Buddhism’s teachings therefore solemnly enjoin its adherents to develop an attitude of detachment. Anchored on a belief that nothing in this world ever remains the same over a period of time, Buddhism points that the path towards Nirvana – or ultimate sense of bliss – lies in a state of total freedom from what this world actually offers. Lastly, it is quite interesting to point out that Buddhism rarely engages in a question about the ultimate reality or God. Broadly speaking, the whole philosophy of impermanence is at odds with a concept of deity. The general theory about God stipulates that ‘It† is a Supreme Being defined by eternality, omniscience, omnipotence and changelessness. In a belief system where the central truth about reality rests on the ephemeral nature of all things, the concept of God is really something hard to conceive (Griffiths, 1997, p. 22). How can there be such a Being when the general characteristic of all things – supposedly including God – is change and flux? More importantly, one can ask: how can one consider Buddhism a religion at all if one is not willing to reconcile its theology with its ontology? Griffith believes that the metaphysics of impermanence makes Buddhism deny the existence of God all together (Griffith, 1997, p. 23). But the image of Buddha as the exemplification of their quest for a transcendent end, translated in Nirvana, is perhaps the only figure of deity Buddhism actually posses. Conclusion Buddhism is both a philosophy and a religious movement. As a philosophy, it offers its adherents a way of life observed in a tradition marked by meditation, introspection, constant purgation of desire and an unending quest for enlightenment. As a religious movement, it is concerned with the pursuit of â€Å"transcendent ends† (Slater, 1978, p. 6) they call Nirvana. Buddhism offers its own understanding of reality too. Its doctrines are highly influenced by the teachings of its founder Gautama Buddha. In this paper, it has been noted that their belief system can also be evaluated under the categories which Western philosophy uses – metaphysics, epistemology, cosmology, anthropology and theology. These aspects are given meaning by a pervading concept of impermanence and dissatisfaction. Buddhism draws largely from a belief that everything in the world is impermanent, and that all people are enjoined to meet it with an attitude of detachment and self-control. The path towards true enlightenment happens only when one is able to see beyond what reality offers, and seek the true meaning of existence that lies only within. References Humphreys, C. (1997). A Popular Dictionary of Buddhism.Chicago: NTC. Griffiths, P. Buddhism. In Quinn, P. & Taliaferro, C. (Eds. ), A Companion to Philosophy of Religion. Massachusetts: Blackwell. McCutcheon, R. (2007). Studying Religion. An Introduction. London: Equinox. Mitchell, D. (2002). Introducing the Buddhist Experience. New York: Oxford University Slater, P. (1978). The Dynamics of Religion. Meaning and Change in Religious Traditions. San Francisco: Harper and Row. Williams, P. (1989). Mahayana Buddhism. Doctrinal Foundations. New York: Routledge.

Colonial Unity

Jayla Reese 1 September 2012 3 Essay 2: Colonial Unity (1755-1774) Beginning in 1754, the evolution of colonial unity experienced its jump start with the event of the French and Indian War in America. In entering this war, the French were doing fairly well; they’d just ensured the surrendering of George Washington and Virginian troops as well as the Native Americans that were helping them. The French and Indian had also begun attacking the settlements of Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and South Carolina.After a breakdown in French leadership, however, the tables suddenly turned in favor of the Americans, with the help of the British, who successfully claimed victory in 1763. The great victory and power of the British Empire led to conflicts that would ultimately ruin the relationship between the British and the American colonists shortly after. As a result of the incapability to administer the colonies and territories of North America, the British began enforcing harsh restrict ions and taxes, which directly affected the colonists.The Stamp Act was a major one of many, passed in 1765, that taxed the colonists for legal documents including newspapers and publications. This sparked outrage in the colonists, and also acts that would ultimately begin to strengthen the colonies. Referring back to the French and Indian war, the Albany Congress was configured during the same year, June of 1754. Seven representatives, one from each colony, met in Albany, New York, with the intent to discuss the Albany Plan of Union.The purpose of this plan, created by Benjamin Franklin, was to discuss persuading the Iroquois to aid them in fighting the French, and to also group the colonies into one alliance. Unfortunately, the plan failed due to the rejection in which none of the legislatures present during the meeting decided to ratify it. Although the Albany Congress proved to be unsuccessful in unifying the American colonies, future attempts were made by the Stamp Act Congress , and the First Continental Congress as the British and American colonies ontinued to debate the issue of taxes. The Stamp Act Congress, which included delegates of nine colonies, met in October of 1765 in regards to the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act Congress was not an immediate success, but in the end, all but one legislature approved the plan known as the Stamp Act Resolves. The famous saying â€Å"No taxation without representation! † has been known to have derived from this action. Events following this colonial effort would later include American boycotts and movements against the British rule.The Boston Massacre, occurring on March 5, 1770, which resulted in the death of five men, and also the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773 in which Bostonians destroyed a shipload of tea, were two major occurrences that showed the strong American resistance to the British. Another meeting, held by twelve colonies, would establish the committees of correspondence due to the threats ma de my British to trial Americans in England, and would further show the growth of unity building among the colonies.Pleased with the decisions and organization shown during the meeting of the Stamp Act Congress, the colonies decided to meet again from September 5 to October 26 in 1774 sending their delegates to Philadelphia. The First Continental Congress, as they were called, met in response to the Coercive Acts passed in favor of British authority. All colonies except Georgia were present, and the delegates all strongly agreed that Coercive Acts were unconstitutional. However, the representatives still thought only in ways to benefit their individual colonies.This led to the division of the colonies and eventually some of the colonists were against boycotting British trade (Continental Association) and other colonies agreed with this gesture. Although the colonies essentially worked together as a whole for some matters, the unity displayed between them wasn’t the greatest. The colonies would later, during 1774 and 1775, split into the Whigs and Tories, in which the Whigs were anti-British rule, and the Tories supported the British. However, the British were primarily the main purpose for the colonies to take a stance, thus causing the colonists to bond together despite their differences.

Analyse the hrm aspects and procedures of an organization of your Assignment

Analyse the hrm aspects and procedures of an organization of your choice - Assignment Example Such policies address the 4C’s, which is another trait of the Harvard HRM theory. The 4C’s, which stand for the commitment, competence of the workers, and the cost effectiveness and congruence of an organisation’s HRM department, are factors that contribute to the company’s overall effectiveness. Most human resource divisions monitor processes such as the employment, training, and appraisal of their employees. Recruitment An organisation’s recruitment process can either be external or internal. It might consist of functions such as advertisement in elements of the mass media, job application procedures, selection, and finally training. Prior to engaging in hiring, most organisations will do researches on the existing suitable candidates for the available positions and then conduct tests on all applicants so as to find out their areas of competence. Recruitment is a vital stage for all organisations because hiring semi skilled workers can adversely a ffect a company’s productivity. It is not regarded by corporate heads as a process that is the responsibility of junior heads. Recruitment usually requires the input of management executives and long-term planning to ensure that the best candidates are gotten for the existing vacancies. In the recent past, there has been a lot of competition between different companies for the most talented workers between different companies. Most recruiters wish to employ well rounded workers who will fit in with their corporate cultures and add positive characteristics to it. Recruiters also tend to look for candidates who can work well in teams or groups and will actually motivate others through their contributions. In many cases, even skilled candidates have to undergo a period of training in order to learn more about their new company. Most organisations use rigorous employment methods in order to ensure that they only use their resources to train candidates that will give back to the c ompany. Employee Development and Training There is a different training program for new workers in every organisation. Each company’s training program is concerned with its particular needs. It is not just the new recruits who develop from training programs in most companies, but the existing workers can also learn new skills that might enable them to benefit from promotions. Making new plans for recruitment programs is also a program that helps companies to discover areas where they might need to improve or develop more. To make sure that they have competent training programs, most organisations evaluate the existing programs for shortcomings and then make the needed improvements while incorporating new procedures. In the present, business arena, most organisations use different methods to train new recruits. There are many companies, for instance, that make use of online training when seeking to hire students or employees from far flung locations. Using this kind of distant learning is a cost effective measure as it trains potential workers on all aspects of operations of the company while saving on travelling costs. Students, particularly, are enthusiasts of this method because they may be qualified and apply for a position even while taking their final

Energy Resource Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Energy Resource Plan - Essay Example This fact makes public discourse on the subject all the more important. As a rule, renewable energy sources have many advantages over non-renewable ones. For example, a very widely used energy resources is petroleum. Given the scarcity of this resource, not only is it economically unviable in the long term, but highly malefic to environmental health. The carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles that run on refined petroleum pose serious health consequents to life on earth. On the other hand, tapping energy inherent in natural phenomena is a more prudent way of energy consumption. For example, hydro-electric power generation, wind-mill based energy creation, energy derived from bio-mass, etc. are not only less harsh on the environment, but are sustainable in the long term too. There are many ways in which each of us can help conserve energy. A simple example would be car-pooling and using public transportation for most commuting purposes. This would cut down on the amount of energy consumed by the community. Secondly, significant reduction in energy consumption could be achieved by adopting scientific approaches to building houses, especially in regard to heating and cooling systems. Also, all energy run appliances in the house like the air-conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, etc., can all be made more energy efficient by applying a few basic conservation principles. In light of growing concerns regarding depletion of energy resources and their negative impact on environment and health, the government’s role has become a very important one. Unless strict regulations are imposed on industries and other commercial enterprises, this trend cannot be stopped let alone reversed. Governments can set up dedicated agencies to study industry trends so that regulations can be imposed at an early stage. Government can fund independent/industry research units to come

Technical complexity, task variability and analyzability, and task Case Study

Technical complexity, task variability and analyzability, and task interdependence of MRA Associates - Case Study Example Although not all its local offices have experts in each of the three issues it handles most of them have at least one. MRA Associates engages in a number of tasks as it seeks to achieve its business goals. In order to find solutions to environmental challenges, the company engages its experts to design and implement solutions. They analyze the problems and come up with procedures that are able to solve them. This implies that the tasks are highly analyzable. The fact that the company encounters and develops solutions for different types of environmental problems means that its tasks vary highly. The company handles environmental issues; industrial wastewater treatment, groundwater contamination, and biohazards cleanup. These issues involve a variety of activities all aimed at ensuring that the environment is kept clean. Industrial wastewater produced as by-products of many factories would end up contaminating groundwater if not treated. In addition, biohazards also contaminate groundwater if not properly handled. The company’s tasks are so interrelated that sometimes they cut across geographic locations. Employees from different profit centers or departments have to consult each other and share resources (Ciaran, 2012). This has prompted the company to seek he services of account managers to handle such cases. There are instances where the top management of the company comes in to iron out differences between regional managers and account

Developing the Charter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing the Charter - Essay Example The managing director of the PROVISION Healthcare Technologies manufactures has authority to spend up to $90000 for this project. The managing director has established a committee that consists of project manager, financial manager and feasibility analysts. This committee is responsible for the budget estimation and authority to take the decision for the budget finalization. Here in this project we have the tasks divided in such ways that each team has independent but connective roles and responsibilities. In this section I will present the roles and responsibilities of each project team and their roles regarding the successful completion of the project. The team of the Product Development the Analysts is responsible for analyzing the main market demands and needed up-gradations. The Designs will design the products and finally the Testes will test the resultant product. The role of the Product Manufacturing; In the process of WANDS production the Designers will analysis the main up-gradation those are presently needed for the company business. Develops will develop the product. The team of the Product Distribution will responsible for the effective delivery of the product. The main functionality of the testers is the installation of the product effectively. Sales & Marketing roles: The Sales & Marketing team will be responsible for the effective promotion of the new product features and functionalities. This team have a very huge responsibility for the better promotion and advertisement of the product in the online as well as on the others mediums. 2. Crosby, Benjamin L. March (1992). Stakeholder Analysis: A Vital Tool for Strategic Managers; Technical Notes, no. 2. Washington, DC: Implementing Policy Change Project for the US Agency for International Development

ECOTOURISM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECOTOURISM - Essay Example Thus a new concept of Ecotourism emerged. Ecotourism is focused primarily on exploring the nature and learning from it. Most countries encourage this because it attracts a large number of tourists to the land, which helps improve the economy. It typically occurs in areas that are naturally well-endowed, and it is expected to contribute to the conservation and preservation of such areas. Though all the promotional activities in tourism, especially that of ecotourism, are done in the guise of love for the environment and efforts to protect it, the underlying motive is profit making. Visiting exotic cultures and pristine sceneries of the host land provide the tourists a rare and unique experience, and they readily spend huge sums of money to be able to share it. The local tour operators and government seize this potential and promote the tourist activities. Most of the time the result is that the environment that they proclaim to protect is often exposed to deterioration. Though cultura l exchange is upheld as one of the benefits of ecotourism, the reality is that culture is being sold as brands. The safaris into an African jungle or a visit to the backwaters of Kerala by herds of tourists are not helping the environment improve; instead these only cause trouble to the natural resources of the area. But the stakeholders like tour operators, agents, local administration and government etc are deriving monetary benefits which motivate them to promote such activities instead of discouraging it and saving the environment from harm. Thus one can easily see that profit making is the main objective of all the propaganda about ecotourism. Ecotourism has become a much sought after means for the intensified economic growth and is well illustrated in its rapid expansion worldwide over the past two decades. The fact that more and more nations are waking up to the economic potentialities of ecotourism that has turned almost all pristine places across the world as the

National Response Framework (NRF) contains guidelines for Essay

National Response Framework (NRF) contains guidelines for Non-Governmental Organizations - Essay Example mergency Response Plan is dependent on the ability of the plan to solve issues surrounding the involvement of local volunteer bodies and non-governmental organizations. The priorities of responding to a disaster are to protect property, save lives, protect the environment, stabilizing the incident and providing basic human needs. The National Response Framework for Non-governmental Organizations and volunteer bodies is guided by principles that establish the fundamental doctrines for a response mission (Department Of Homeland Security, 2013). These guidelines are engaged partnership, scalable, adaptable and flexible operational capabilities, tiered response, readiness to act and unity of efforts through unified commands. The guidelines are based on the Constitutional and Federal systems of dividing responsibilities. The guidelines for the American Red Cross state that the organization acts as a support body to national response capabilities. According to Annex 6, the two functions of the American Red Cross that can be related to an effective Emergency Response Plan are the provision of relief and basic human needs to the survivors of the disaster and the establishment of a special relationship between the victims and Federal Government (Hansch, 2011, p. 348). These functions are important to an effective Emergency Response Plan because the main aim of responding to an emergency is to provide humanitarian aid. The provision of relief and basic human needs will ensure that victims can survive the disaster. It is vital to create a relationship between the victims and Federal Government in order to ensure that the victims are protected. This also ensures that the human rights of the victims are not violated. The NGOs and volunteers or volunteer groups that will be included in the emergency response plan have the capability to support core response capabilities (Smith, 2011). The first NGO that will be included is the American Red Cross. This NGO has the legal status

Sexed Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexed Crime - Essay Example Significantly, changes in the meaning of 'sex' as well as challenges to the speaking positions of the dominant groups have led to an ultimate shift from the use of sex crime to sexed crime. One of the most essential concerns of Adrian Howe's Sexed crime in the News has been to analyse whether the concept of sexed crime has a potential to expand one's understanding of sexual violence and Howe claims that "calling sex crime 'sexed crime' does have interesting, destabilising effects." (Howe 1998, P. 6). According to Howe, the complacency and self-evidence of sex crime is disturbed by the use of sexed crime instead of sex crime. In an understanding of the other important destabilising effects, it becomes lucid that speaking about sexed rather than sex crime "problematises the 'sex' of crimes of violence", "acknowledges that women are not the only sex - men have a sex too," and "speaking about sexed crime sexes violence in the sense of asking questions about the fundamental, but often ign ored, sexed and sexual aspects of that violence." (Howe 1998, P. 6). ... Various pertinent questions crop up in an attempt to analyse the difference between the concepts 'sex crime' and 'sexed crime' such as what is 'sexed' crime, can sexual assaults be considered as sex crime, is family violence sex crime, etc. According to Howe, there are several destabilising effects of 'calling sex crime sexed crime' and the latter is broader in scope than the former. Thus, calling sex crime sexed crime can disturb the self-evidence of sex crime, and sexed crime covers all forms of violence in which the gender of the victim, as well as the perpetrator, is significant to the violent act. "Sexed crimeis violence which can only be fully understood within the context of relationships which are profoundly sexed but which are not often recognised as such, precisely because they are dismissed as having something to do with a vaguely defined, amorphous 'gender'. The point of questioning the sex of sex crime is to challenge the taken-for-granted ways in which sexed and gendere d relations are represented in public discourses such as those of the media." (Howe 1998, P. 6). Therefore, it is essential to realise that Howe (1998), in her Sexed crime in the News, comes up with a new and somewhat different approach to the issue of sex crime, which is critical of the idea purported by Keith Soothill and Sylvia Walby in Sex Crime in the News (1991). Sex crime is a term which is commonly used in order to refer to the sexual assaults against females across the globe and there have been reference to the age of sex crime in the modern times. Sex and violence in the contemporary world have been closely interconnected in the recent day world and they are

Union Organization Campaigns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Union Organization Campaigns - Research Paper Example From the critical perspective, the overall efficacy of labor union and its ability to deliver entrusted objectives is largely determined with the effectiveness of union organizational campaigns and tactics utilized to achieve desirable goals. Unions can organize corporate campaigns ranging from various on-job actions and litigation to strike and negative publicity campaigns. The overall purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of union organizational campaign, its success or failure is to reveal combinations of tactics useful in specific labor actions that are associated with more coherent strategies for winning employer concessions. Since the late 1970s, scholars have taken notice of unions increased use of union organizational campaigns. Some view it as the means necessary to make labor more mobile and flexible, in order to keep up with how corporations have restructured themselves to compete in the global economy. Business has become â€Å"leaner and meaner† incorporating changes to increase productivity and cut costs (Champlin and Knoedler, 1999). Union organizational campaigns are attempts to address these new transformations in the economic environment through focused strategies executed to bring management into bargaining and counter unfriendly labor actions through targeting a company's points of vulnerability in order to decrease its profits (Heckscher, 1988). Others authors see the incorporation of new tactics as facilitating the overall expansion of union membership, resulting in a revitalized worker’s social movement. 's social movement. They estimate this will increase the status of unions through increasing the power of unions as a whole. This perspective supports restructuring in order to change values and objectives within unions so that they can gain external benefits, such as increasing membership (Moody, 1998). Reorganization would include forging multi-union connections to coordinate bargaining "across industrial lines to attack the centers of capital" (Moody 1998, p.341). Extended solidarity and mobilization could increase the legitimacy of picket lines, strengthen the ability unions to use their combined leverage to prompt equitable contract negotiations, and may garner widespread public support for workers. There is no consensus on how to define union organizational campaigns. There is also no conclusive classification of what actions and expected outcomes delineate the success or failure of a campaign. Kim Moody's book (1998), An Injury to All: The Decline of American Unionism, credited Ray Rogers as the first to coin the term "corporate

The Senate of the United States Essay Example for Free

The Senate of the United States Essay The national government of the United States of America is divided into three branches: the executive, legislative and judiciary.   The legislative branch is further divided into two, the House of Representatives and the Senate.   Indeed, the Senate is a law-making body, but what is its role and function in the political system of the United States?   How did it come into existence?   This research paper aims to discuss the history of the United States Senate, as well as its role and function in the United States political system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of the United States Senate began on July 16, 1787 (â€Å"Senate Created†).   During this date, those who wrote the U.S. Constitution, also known as Framers, decided upon what is called the â€Å"Great Compromise,† which is also called as the â€Å"Connecticut Compromise† (â€Å"Senate Created†; â€Å"The Senate†).   This compromise was responsible for the creation of a bilateral legislature; the Senate would equally represent all the states, and the House of Representatives would do the same, only â€Å"in proportion to their respective populations† (â€Å"Chronology†; â€Å"Senate Created†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Constitution Framers established the Senate to protect the rights of every state as well as the voice of the minority in a federal government (â€Å"Senate†).   In creating the Senate, the councils of colonial governors and the state senates that were derived from them were used as a pattern.   According to James Madison, the Senate had two roles (â€Å"Senate†).   The first one is â€Å"to protect the people against their rulers†; the second is â€Å"to protect the people against the transient impressions into which they themselves might be led† (qtd. in â€Å"Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the compromise was made, the state delegates insisted that state representation must be consistent with the state size (â€Å"The Senate†).   This means that it is the population of the state that would dictate how many senators would represent them.   This would result in the Senate having the upper hand in the legislative branch due to their number.   After the Compromise was made, the Senate and the House were given equal allotment of power (â€Å"The Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The equal allotment of power between Senate and the House was made for purposes of balance among the small and big states during the Constitutional Convention (â€Å"Senate†).   To secure the jurisdiction of the particular states, the Framers determined that the â€Å"state legislatures would elect senators† (â€Å"Senate†).   Consequently, the Framers gave these senators a term that lasts for six years, as opposed to House members term of only 2 years.   Madison explained that there is stability in a longer term. He reasoned that there are more House members than senators in the legislative branch; it is only through the giving of longer terms for senators that would prevent the legislative branch from being â€Å"overwhelmed† (â€Å"Senate†).   However, some people expressed concern over the possibility of aristocracy that comes with a longer term; as a result, it was established that the terms of the senators would â€Å"expire every two years† (â€Å"Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Constitutional Convention also determined the number of senators per state (â€Å"The Senate†).   One senator did not seem a reasonable option.   This is because during the senators sickness or absence, no one would substitute for him and his state would have no representative at that time.   The next problem was adding too many people in the Senate.   If there are more senators, the Senate would be bigger and hold more influence than the members of the House. If the quantity of senators continues to increase, the quality of the Senate would decrease.   This is because an overcrowded Senate would not fulfill its role and function well.   In the end, the delegates had to decide between having two or three senators.   In the end, it was decided that every state would have two senators, as indicated in the Constitution.   On September 17, 1787, out of the 55 delegates of the Constitutional Convention, only 39 wrote their signatures in the Constitution (â€Å"The Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On September 30, 1788, the first senators of the United States were elected (â€Å"Senate Created†).   They were Pennsylvania Senators Robert Morris and William Maclay.   The victory of Maclay was relevant; this is because he was the only one who maintained a diary of the sessions at the Senate at a time when they occurred â€Å"behind closed doors† (â€Å"Senate Created†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1789, March 4th marked the first assembly of the Senate at chamber in the second storey of Federal Hall in New York (â€Å"Chronology†; â€Å"Senate†).   That same year, on April 6th, the Senate accomplished its first quorum, with twelve members present (â€Å"Chronology†; â€Å"Senate†).   With New Hampshire Senator John Langdon as â€Å"president pro tempore,† the first task of the Senate was to convene with the members of the House to tabulate the ballots of the recent elections, in which George Washington emerged victorious in the presidential race (â€Å"Senate Created†). It was also the day when the senators elected â€Å"a doorkeeper, secretary, and chaplain† (â€Å"Chronology†).   Vice President John Adams took oath on April 21st; President Washington did the same on the 30th (â€Å"Senate†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On December 6, 1790, the U.S. Congress started to take residence in Philadelphia; they would stay in this address for a decade (â€Å"Chronology†).   On November 17, 1800, the Senate moved to the north wing of the Capitol in Washington, D.C., despite the fact that it was not yet finished.   Four days after, the Senate had â€Å"its first quorum in the new national capital† (â€Å"Chronology†). In the beginning of the Constitutional Convention, the Framers initially wanted to assign the authority of creating treaties and appointing judges in federal courts and ambassadors (â€Å"Senate†).   In the end, however, it was decided that these tasks were to be shared by both the Senate and the president.   The president is responsible for making the nomination, while it is the senators’ job to either agree or disagree. The Senate became responsible for giving consent on nominations and treaties given by the president (â€Å"Senate†). On June 24, 1795, the Senate exercised its power by approving Jay’s Treaty (â€Å"Chronology†).   On December 15th that same year, they also exercised authority over the federal courts as they rejected the nomination of John Rutledge for the Supreme Court (â€Å"Chronology†). December 1795 marked the end of the long tradition of having legislative sessions in private (â€Å"Chronology†).   On January 5, 1802, stenographers and note takers were granted permission by the Senate to enter the chamber floor (â€Å"Chronology†). There had been many changes that occurred in the U.S. Senate.   To begin with, the number of senators had significantly increased through the centuries (â€Å"Senate†).   In addition, the Senate now has committees, something that was not included by the Framers during the creation of the Senate.   Initially, the committees were temporary and were created for legislation.   At present, the committees have been made permanent.   The 1920s ushered in an era when the Senate committees have assumed a more substantial role, this time in the field of investigation.   The committees held investigations which dealt with issues in government, such the leasing of oil in the1920s, the Vietnam War in the 1960s and the Watergate Scandal of the 1970s (â€Å"Senate†). The United States Senate was initially created for state representation. The role of the Senate was preserve states’ rights and opinion, to equally distribute power in both federal and state governments.   Through time, it has become more relevant.   From approving nominations and treaties to taking part in crucial investigations, the Senate has assumed a bigger role in U.S. government.   In the end, it is the U.S. Senate that provides balance in the U.S. political system. Works Cited Baker, Richard. â€Å"Senate Created.† United States Senate. 15 April 2008 http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Created.htm. Baker, Richard. â€Å"US History Companion: Senate.† Answers.com. 15 April 2008 http://www.answers.com/topic/united-states-senate. United States Senate. â€Å"Senate Chronology.† 15 April 2008 http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/chronology.htm. United States Senate. â€Å"The Senate and the United States Constitution.† 15 April 2008 http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Constitution_Senate.htm.

Impact Of Virtual Reality On The Society Media Essay

Impact Of Virtual Reality On The Society Media Essay Despite the disagreement Virtual Reality has awakened the world in enormous ways and the society should not stay dubious of the tremendous potentials it has to bring in an optimistic way a large technological development. The word virtual shares its root with virtue, a word whose original meaning denoted strength. More recently, virtual has come to describe something that possesses essence and effect without possessing form, something not quite physical, but with a measurable impact on the real. Thats certainly true of virtual worlds. Virtual reality is turning out to be the topic with many opposing viewpoints. It has become the focal point of discussion among the general public for several reasons. Conceivably, this is mostly because of all the potentials which virtual reality develops (Hoffman, 2004). However, despite the disagreement this new technology has awakened, society should not stay dubious. Virtual reality if used in an optimistic way can bring a large technological development. Military and space technology, the entertainment industry, and the physical sciences contributed to the drive to make advanced computers user friendly. Initially, complex simulators presented low-definition displays through binocular headsets. Addition of position sensors introduced motion parallax, with depth cues that created the illusion of being within a three-dimensional graphical display. The invention of a `DataGlove, whose movements could be sensed by the computer and then reconstructed in the display, enabled the observer and computer to interact with instructions given by the observer via simple hand movements such as pointing. The overall effect was that the observer experienced a computer-generated artificial or virtual reality (VR), whose credibility depended largely on the agreement between the simulated imagery and the familiar sensible world (Zimmer, 2004). Societal Impacts of VR Virtual reality applications are finding their way into the mainstream of society. Initially, the use of VR (virtual reality) was seen as valuable only to scientists and engineers whose highly specialized needs more than overcame the poor quality of the computer generated 3D images. For example, scientists can engage in molecular research by moving within molecules to examine their structures. Doctors and other medical personnel can practice elaborate or dangerous procedures before attempting them on human subjects. With special imaging software, the experience can take place on a virtual done of the patient awaiting surgery in the next room. Doctors can control a microscopic, mechanical, seeing-eye arm, through the body which can lead to better diagnoses even on patients thousands of miles away (Zimmer, 2004). Immersive virtual reality pain distraction was originated and developed by Hoffman Patterson at the Univ. of Washington Seattle and Harborview Burn Center. Source: (Hoffman H. ) Formerly, virtual reality was known as nothing but a diminutive stride ahead of video games. However, it is now understandable that this technology can be used for more realistic purposes. These purposes embrace national defense, medicinal and surgical measures and a variety of other functions. Society has not completely recognized the benefits of virtual reality as of yet because it is still under progress. The basis for virtual reality enduring in its growth for so long is mostly due to its intricacy (Riva, Mantovani, Capideville, 2007). Oddly, even though much has been printed about the possible societal impact of other rising technologies, such as genetic production and cyborgization, comparatively very less has been penned down about the impact of VR on the society (Calvert, 2002). In my point of view this may be because people may believe they already have witnessed VR, through portrayal of VR on television and cinema; the worlds of genetic production and cyborgization are less common, and yet seem proficient to transform the very concept of  ¿Ã‚ ½humans ¿Ã‚ ½ (Lang, 1996). If this is why researchers have given reduced attention to VR, this position has resulted from erroneous philosophy (Zimmer, 2004). Virtual reality has the prospective to intensely modify human society, not by destabilizing our corporeal corpse (as genetic production or cyborgization may), but by changing our insight and relations. Other medical breakthroughs have occurred when humans use specially designed hardware in virtual worlds. Two of the hardware pieces specifically are a data glove and a body suit. The data glove fits the hand and has tiny sensors that record and transmit data about even the smallest movements of the fingers, hand, and wrist (Riva, 2005). Doctors have been able to use this information to identify and evaluate neuromuscular diseases of the hands. The data suit collects information about the human torso or even the entire body. With it, scientists can help individuals who have experienced leg traumas to learn to walk again. One researcher has even noted that disabled kids may someday engage in virtual rugby (Anderson Bushman, 2001). The menu of VR-experiences from which a patient might choose is limited by the capacity of the computer to generate accurate representations, by the skill of the designer, and by the preferences of the supervising clinician. Although the patient may choose from within that menu, choice is necessarily more constrained than in daily life. Restriction of choice in this way carries considerable potential for abuse. At one level VR becomes a terrifying instrument of torture, at another a powerful means of education (Wiederhold Wiederhold, 2005). Fundamentally, the experiences generated are limited to those that man can design; the meanings a patient might attribute to them need not agree with those presumed by the VR designer. It would be irresponsible to introduce patients to a world that contains no more significance or deeper meaning than that which man can construct. For patients seeking to understand, as many do, the purpose of their suffering, VR is as unlikely as hallucinogenic dr ug use to provide access to a deeper reality in their search for meaning (Anderson Bushman, 2001). Another early application of VR was in training people for hazardous real-life occupations. Firefighters, for example, can practice fighting fires and searching for trapped victims. Even more cutting edge is wearing a body suit that controls the movements of a robotic firefighter who can travel into severe heat and see through dense smoke to rescue an unconscious person. Exploring volcanoes is a third example of how virtual reality is changing our world. For obvious reasons, it is not safe to send trained volcanic experts into live volcanoes. However, it is possible to send a virtually controlled robot into the danger to send back digital images for further study (Wiederhold Wiederhold, 2005). In a virtual world, lifelike avatars can study and perhaps interact with the holographic display of a humanoid robot More recently, VR has worked its way even beyond these initial applications into the workplace, school, and home. Commercial applications include product design that is more efficient, requires less travel time, and less money to develop. Entire buildings can be created and displayed for preconstruction walk-through. On a larger scale, the University of Washington has even created a virtual Seattle. Developers can examine and evaluate fuel flows in a rocket booster tank during a simulated launch (Zimmer, 2004). The aircraft industry can create new models and virtually experience instrumentation layout, seating arrangements, and emergency pathways. Now advertising agencies have developed virtual tours and objects to promote their products. Tourist attractions can share parts of their offerings from clear snorkeling waters to high-speed roller coasters to help entice travelers at home or in a travel agency. Auto manufacturers can put the prospective buyer in their automobiles on the World Wide Web while the customer is still at home (Hoffman, 2004). Virtual 3-D factories facilitate experimentation with manufacturing processes and can expedite the training of workers Government entities which previously might have used virtual reality only to simulate military maneuvers now might promote national treasures. Tank and submarine commanders benefit particularly from VR because the head mounted displays are very similar to looking through a periscope. Recently, the Smithsonian Institutions Museum of Natural History created a virtual museum tour on the Internet with the help of a team of educators at Mississippi State University. Schools have benefited from virtual reality field trips and experiments (Riva, Mantovani, Capideville, 2007). Whether the students are learning in public, private, or home school environments, they can engage in learning as never before. They can feel the effects of gravity as they walk on the moon, explore deep sea caverns, get face to face with beasts on a safari, or even touch the delicate rain forests creatures and vegetation. Students can also travel through virtual time. They can sit in on the signing of the Declaration of Independence, march through Atlanta with Dr. Martin Luther King, or trade flaming arrows with King Arthur (Cassidy Rimbeaux, 1994). Entertainment is drastically changing with virtual reality. Video games are more sophisticated and true to life from competing in the giant slalom at the Olympic Games with Tommy Moe or Picabo Street to driving in the Indianapolis 500 with the Unser family to competing for Top Gun with Tom Cruise (Gross Levenson, 1995). Several years ago, Juggling for the Complete Klutz; was published. It helped some people, but not everyone who wanted to be a clown. The missing element, now available with VR, was to slow down the action by reducing the effects of gravity. Later as the user becomes proficient, the gravity levels can be increased until they are back to Earth levels. My personal favorite though is Dreamality Technologies Inc.s Dream Glider (Gross Levenson, 1995). Ive always wanted to hang glide, but my wife has refused to allow me to do so because of the perceived dangers. Now, just by shelling out a few bucks and strapping on a harness, I can enter a simulator and glide anywhere within a virtual environment. Each interactive ride is different because the skill of the rider determines the course and length of the flight (Zimmer, 2004). Almost as fascinating as the applications of VR, is the psychology of life in a virtual world. The behavior of humans will be quite interesting to monitor as they begin to experience a phenomena known as reality confusion. Parents will have concerns about their children at school and at home participating in digital experiences. As with most new technologies that people and the press do not understand, the prospective evils are highlighted in discussions. However, concerns like isolationism and pornography, while valid, will eventually give way to the overwhelming benefits of virtual reality to our society. Therefore the way a few of us live now might be the way a larger population will live, decades hence (Hoffman, 2004). A common question is How close is virtual reality to true reality? It is true that there is a lot more that needs to be improved and developed. To truly bring a user to a point where one is unable to distinguish between reality and virtual reality, the hardware and software must encompass more of the senses. More powerful hardware will lead to better response times for the entire experience (Lang, 1996). Visually, resolutions must be high enough to match the capabilities of the human eye. Three-dimensional sound must replace stereo sound. The sense of touch must encounter force. Perhaps taste and smell will eventually work their way into virtual environments. In reality, the applications of virtual reality will stem from human needs, not out of technological capabilities (Lang, 1996). There is a huge amount of attention being given to the psychology of those who make use of the Internet, and to the Internet ¿Ã‚ ½s superior communal insinuation. Surely, VR and its possible societal and psychosomatic penalties ought to have this type of concentration, and much more. What will VR do to humanity, and to individual psychological understanding? Answers will be given to these conjectural questions in connection to communal domains. Although the social order knows a lot about VR there is still so much that it does not contemplate. Perhaps in future, new technology will come out and public will find out more about this virtual world (Zimmer, 2004). However, until that time, the questions will stay many and doubtful however the potential is limitless. People also argue about the probable societal effects of having most individual connections happen online, in the virtual or cyber world. Supporters of VR and online world say that prospect VR and technology could modify the stature of communication, thus drawing people more close to each other (Cassidy Rimbeaux, 1994). Noted by Lang (1996):  ¿Ã‚ ½The developers of the virtual worlds have limitless opportunities to shape the scale and appearance of the world, the capabilities of its avatars, the methods of communication, and even the laws of physics (e.g., space exploration over galactic distances). It is possible to explore new experiences that are not possible in any other medium ¿Ã‚ ½ (Lang, 1996). In 1999, Burger King conducted a focus group to tour a new store concepta 3,300-square-foot 50s-style diner. What made it unusual was that the group never left their seats, and the store didnt exist. The technology that made it possible-3-D computer-assisted design (CAD) brings a new dimension to standard CAD applications, which designers have used for more than a decade to sketch store plans electronically. 3-D takes that process a step further by offering a new perspective, thus making it easier to picture shelf sets and giving clients more input at an earlier stage in the design process (Zimmer, 2004). 3-D helps designers communicate better with store owners. Frequently, building owners arent comfortable with reading 2-D construction documents and may not fully understand the design. This causes costly changes late in the design or construction process. Using 3-D also helps identify errors, such as interferences between ductwork and the buildings structure, early in the design process, which eliminates costly change orders in construction and speeds the time to successful project completion (Zimmer, 2004). Electronic renderings force designers to be more objective and think about perspective. Additionally, mistakes are a matter of a mouse click. Once youve done a hand rendering, theres nothing you can do to change it. Its not a particularly responsive tool in terms of speed and revision. If somebody can see how something is going to work, they may choose a design theyd otherwise avoid. The same is true for materials. Conclusion The technology is turning out to be so complicated that public will no longer be able to differentiate whether they are in virtual or actual reality. Technology most certainly has the capability to go haywire. It is likely that VR will turn out to be a technological advancement which humans will be unable to control and will take over all of humanity. If this were the case, culture and the populace within it would turn out to be unsure if they were in virtual or actual reality. If society is clever enough to create such a technology it should be clever enough to decide and manage its penalties (Zimmer, 2004). Often times in the history, society in its entirety has been subject to decisions made by those of the inventors of new expertise. Without the direction and authority of society upon VR it could go to squander, or even turn out to be society ¿Ã‚ ½s enemy of sorts. However, in case of medical field exercises, Medical paternalism might lead to premature and ill-judged clinical applications of VR. Without professional self-regulation, abuse by experimentalists and inept therapists seems only too likely. A VR machine may be developed, for clinically justifiable purposes, to treat phobias or help establish adaptive coping behaviors in response to stress. No matter how much humanity is responsive of virtual reality, the individual mind still has instincts that cannot be forbidden. That is one of the disadvantages of VR. That no one is convinced what to anticipate. Just as the case may be with any other ability, the only way to find out the results of VR is to test the limits to which it can go. Knowing the virtual reality has the capability to influence so many people in such a big number of ways, there is a substantial need to have some kind of restraints (Gross Levenson, 1995). This brings up one more input argument as to who should be in charge of restraining this virtual world. If the government is in power it could possibly be ill-treated and mishandled. However, if society entirely is left to consider its uses, the affects could be also good or bad.

Analyze The Haagen Dazs Marketing Essay

Analyze The Haagen Dazs Marketing Essay Through this assignment we are going to analyze the Haagen Dazs ® brand and the strategy that theyre adapting, in order to achieve and maintain the luxury image of this product. The interesting thing with this brand is that it belongs in one of the most valuable brands, despite the fact that it belongs in a very difficult industry for luxury brands, as the ice cream industry which is considered as a low cost industry. But Haagen Dazs, by continuing its excellent job in quality and launching of new unique flavors, is still enjoying its premium brand position as well as high price and profit margins. This story will prove us how a brand in a low price selling industry and specific target group directions can differentiate its position and build a luxury brand icon and targeting in customers that are willing to pay premium price in order to taste the world best flavors. We will also notice that too much advertising in TV, Radio is not the key marketing issue, since Haagen Dazs has bee n mainly developed as a luxury ice cream due to the world of mouth advertising. It is impressive that this brand has made its first advertising TV campaign in 1983, after almost 60 years and having already being famous for its luxurious positioning and well known as the creator of the luxury ice-cream category. Haagen Dazs started its history in early 1920s, thanks to the dream of the young Reuben Mattus. Mr. Mattus was working in a family business, transferring with his bicycle ice creams to their customers in the streets of Bronx in New York. This small family business was developing business in the same local way until 1960. It was then that Mr. Mattus took the big decision, supported also from his wife, to change the function of the business and targeting in further development of their products. He set up the brand name Haagen Dazs and the company begun with three basic flavors, focusing always in premium quality production. This was the reason that the ingredients were only coming from their country of physical production. Dark chocolate from Belgium, vanilla beans from Madagascar, macadamia nuts from Hawaii. In contrast with other ice cream producers, Haagen Dazs is using a high percentage of milk and cream, to create an original and more dense ice cream. Fresh cream and egg yolk wer e used to give the ice creams a rich creamy flavor and fresh skimmed milk was used for the body and texture of the ice cream http://www.icmrindia.org, (viewed 21 March 2011) . Having reached the premium quality the product became famous very quickly, and the demand started growing due to the mouth advertising only. In the start, Haagen dazs ice creams were only placed in luxury shops in New York and after were further distributed in the southern coasts of United States. By 1973, the brand was further distributed in the entire cities of United States. The first Haagen Dazs shop has been opened in 1976, by Mr. Mattus daughter, Doris. This strategic move was resulted of a huge success and as a result Haagen dazs products were spread in all United States. In 1983 Haagen Dazs brand was sold in Pillsbury Company and then in General Mills group, since Pillsbury was acquired from General Mills in 2001. Pillsbury was truly committed to the dream of Mr. Mattus and the ice cream remained in the same quality level with a large variety of unique flavors, spreading the variety in more than 100 flavors, including ice cream, ice cream bars, ice cream cakes, frozen yogurts, sorbets. General Mills group is operating in a global level and has reported in 2009 $14,7 billion turnovers and net profits of $2,6 billion. (According to General Mills annual report, 2009). Untitled.png 2. Brand Analysis 2.1. Positioning Haagen Dazs is positioned, mainly based on its products and service differentiation. As we have referred, they are trying always to maintain the quality due to the special selected ingredients coming only from their physical country of origin. In addition the high cream density, with no excess air is offering truly unique ice cream experience. In order the quality to be ensured, the company is strictly testing daily not only the suppliers, but also all the phases of manufacturing processes. The company fulfills its brand image with a big variety produced only by the best ingredients around the world. Its position is also based on their image differentiation following always a luxury brand strategy. There is a specific logo with golden colors and black fonts in order to pass the luxurious icon. The logo is also accompanied with the moto made like no other ®. All the advertisements are focusing in highlighting the luxury flavors of the products and the unique exotic tastes. 2.2. Target Group Haagen Dazs has differentiated its target group from the start of its growth. While the ice-cream industry was considered worldwide as a low price industry and mostly targeting in small ages, haagen dazs has from the start been focus on adults, who love the luxurious ice cream flavors. An important reason for taking this choice, has been their premium price strategy, since only the financially independent adults could spend more money for high quality ice creams. The second target market, are the health conscious adults, who are interested in desserts but they prefer natural ingredients and low fat substitutes. Focusing only on these two target segments, they might have a small market potential, but the profit margins are much higher. With this differentiation Haagen dazs is playing alone in this interesting market field. 2.3. Segmentation Haagen Dazs is segmenting in its business according to three major segments. These segments are, demographic, socio-cultural and psychographic. Looking on demographics, the company focuses on adults who have higher income and could spend in luxuries as for example premium price ice-creams. But beside of the age, they often tend to approach couples, by relating many flavors with romance advertising and pleasure that can be earned when a couple tastes a haagen dazs dessert. The second one is the socio-cultural segmentation. Intercultural management has been very successful by the haagen dazs marketers. Big variety of flavors can cover any need according to each countrys habits. For example, Europeans have some preferences in alcohol drinking, while Asian people have preferences in teas. Islamic countries are negative in romance images, while western populations are more enthusiastic on that. The third segment is according to psychographic characteristics. There are many people who love luxurious brands and need of being members of this brand category. Usually they feel more special, different and in higher quality level than the others. These category of people are too emotionally linked to brands and since branding is mainly emotional based, this target segment is very important for Haagen Dazs. Thus, in the haagen dazs shops the company tries to train the franchisers to focus on a high quality service, behavior and keeping the products within a way that they can be always fresh and delicious. 3. SWOT Analysis Strengths Well known brand synonymous with a history of luxury, premium ice cream leader producer. Strong market position. Intelligent market targeting and segmentation. Weaknesses High distribution cost. Bad image of many franchise shops, non related with the brand image. Opportunities Ice cream market is growing. Outside lunching is increasing. Development of other markets, BRIC markets. New trend in creams placement, i.e. cinemas, ho.re.ca. Threats Ben Jerrys competition. Nestle integration in the premium price ice cream market. Increase of ingredients price, oil price, distribution cost. 4. Marketing Mix Product As we have referred the production of the product is based on high quality ingredients and rich creamy taste. The packaging is also important, having a specific protective cap to assure the material in each pot. The products are categorized by size, in individual cups, family caps, bars, sundae cones, and high weight packages for mass sales. (5kg, 10kg, etc). Very special flavors are often produced in limited quantities and higher prices, reminding the luxury brand strategy. Place Haagen dazs is directly distributed with refrigerated vehicles to the customers. Customers might be super markets, high class shops, high class restaurants, hotels, food industry chains, i.e., pizza hut, simply burgers, movie places, i.e. cinemas, movie selling shops, other known chains, i.e. IKEA, cruise boats and finally to the haagen dazs franchise shops. Price The brand is characterized of a premium price, which is excused due to the ingredients and the high taste quality. Price varies among the several flavors. Haagen dazs is still the price leader and the competition as for example Ben Jerrys, follows H. Dazs strategy. Promotion The product is not so much advertised in mass media as are TV, radio. It is mainly advertised in printed themes. All advertisements targeting in express the product quality and the differentiation against competition. Trade marketing is more developed than other means, sponsorships and events are also usual methods. Advertising is mainly focus in haagen dazs credentials. 5. Evaluation of H.D. brand Strategy -Recommendations Haagen Dazs is a very well established brand in the ice cream industry and has been successfully placed in many countries worldwide. Focusing on the adults has been a brilliant idea, because of income advantages, high tighten-emotional relationships with brand lifestyle. This generation is much more recognizing and desire high quality, in comparison with the youngest one, who looks more as turn around consumers. The company should continue targeting on the adults, but they must not forget that the younger generation is also growing. It might be a good period in start searching their mind and introducing the brand value to this generation as well. Romance flavors might not be so successful, because they are mainly addressed to younger ages. So, H.D. should also start target the younger couples, but with the appropriate advertising messages through different civilizations, ethics and moralities. For example, if you want to address in younger couples, advertising should have more sexy and funny images, but you have to pay attention in the different moralities. Nevertheless, if the company will develop such campaign, they should take in consideration that it has to be does with a much more spread advertizing messages depending on the country. The company is correct based on the original ingredients and this fact has given them the premium quality awareness worldwide. But taking in consideration that the population is growing rapidly, the brand might be prisoner in its own choices. The demand might not be able to be covered from the existing ingredient quantities, since they are reduced a lot every day. Reducing might also create price increases and then the brand could face many difficulties in remaining in the market. It might be the ideal time to rethink again their production recipes, or invest in ingredients production worldwide, which will offer them a competitive advantage. Resources and capabilities must be planned in a better way in order to face the future with more power. In order to develop internationally, they have to focus more in the exclusive haagen dazs shops, who are expressing the brand icon in the several markets. H.D. looks weaker in this development in international field and competition in many places is more powerful. They can train their franchisers, or establish Franchise supervisor managers and trainers. Personal relationship and selling must also be more developed in this sector of exclusive shops. The development of the Brand internationally and premium price strategy has been enough successful, but in many countries as China, the brand is luxury, but so luxury that is placed only in too much luxury places. After a research in the web, I found a very characteristic statement of Mr. Eddie Lu, marketing manager of H.D. in Shanghai, which signifies this problem: In Beijing, freezers selling Haagen Dazs stand proudly in the lobbies of five star hotels. The price for a pint of Swiss vanilla: $10, compared to $3 in the U.S. However people dont mind paying for prestige items, especially if they are foreign. This issue has to be serious taken under consideration, since Middle East and the BRIC countries are the most potential markets and you cannot leave them outside of your growth strategies. After my research for this assignment, I have realized that H.D. has a very small market share in many countries of Middle East. They have for example to invest more in finding flavors more suitable to these populations. 6. Conclusion Ice cream is a very dynamic industry, which is growing every day. Haagen Dazs is at the moment the global leader in this field, but no one is certain that they can be always in this position. Time passes, lifestyle changes, leading markets are changing and this fact means that marketers of Haagen Dazs should work a lot in adjust their strategy in the new challenges that are in front of us. The brand is dominating the ice cream market for many years, but external and internal factors should be reconsidered in order to face future with success. The marketing mix of haagen dazs is really impressive and offered to the brand, the luxury image and brand equity for years. By continue being committed in their ingredients strategy, correcting things that we referred as logistics, production, resources, growth gaps, attention to intercultural ethics-morals, norms, franchising strategy improvement, Haagen Dazs can definitely continue being a golden brand and situated always ahead of competition as they have been doing for many years in the past.

Jane Addams Essay -- essays research papers

Social studies is defined by the Board of Director of the National Council for the social studies as, the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Within the school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology, archeology, economics, geography, history, law, philosophy, political science, psychology, religion, and sociology, as well as appropriate content from the humanities, mathematics, and neutral sciences. The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world. There are two main characteristics of social studies as a field of study. First is social studies promoting civic competence, the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of a student needed to assume "the office of citizen" in our democratic republic. The National Council for the Social Studies considers civic competence as a main goal for social studies. The NCSS says, students who learn these skills in social studies will help shape the future of a democratic society. The second characteristic of social studies is the social studies program, K-12, integrates knowledge, skills, and attitudes within and across disciplines. A third characteristic is one in which social studies programs help students construct a knowledge base and attitudes drawn from academic disciplines as specialized ways of viewing reality. This can be achieved with courses such as, history, geography, political science, sociology, and language arts, English and fine arts. Examples from each help students experie nce concepts reflectively and actively, through reading, thinking, discussing and writing. The fourth characteristic of the social studies program is the demonstration of the changing nature of knowledge, fostering entirely new and highly integrated approaches to resolving issues of significance to humanity. The social studies program should help students gain knowledge of how to know, how to apply what they know, and how to participate in building a future. A well designed social studies curriculum will help each student achieve a blend of personal academic, pluralist, and global views of the human condition with a personal perspective, acad... ...rograms prepare young people to identify, understand, and work to solve problems. Assumptions about social studies as a school subject include social studies as diverse, all students should have access to the full richness of the social studies curriculum, teachers need adequate time and resources to teach social studies well at every grade level, and social studies teachers need to treat the social world realistically and address its controversial aspects. The vision of powerful social studies teaching and learning comes from the goals and purposes of social studies, the assumptions, and the available research and scholarships. Social studies teaching and learning is powerful when they are meaningful, integrative, value based, challenging and active, all of which are equally important. Powerful social studies teaching and learning is likely to become more common when assessment approaches at all levels focus on measuring progress toward social understanding and efficacy goals; t eachers benefit and education receives support from administrators, parents, the local community, and government agencies; and the nation successfully meets ceratin currently recognizable challenges.

Multiple Personality Disorder :: Disorder Psychological Personalities Essays

Multiple Personality Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than two million cases can be found altogether in psychological and psychiatric records of multiple personality disorder also called dissociative identity disorder. It is often thought that multiple personality disorder is a trick, a bizarre form of "play-acting" that is committed by manipulative, attention-seeking individuals. It is not. Multiple personality disorder is a "disorder of hiding" wherein 80-90% of multiple personality disorder patients do not have a clue that they have the disorder. Most know that there is something wrong with them; many fear that they are crazy, but few know that they have a disorder. What is Multiple Personality Disorder?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multiple personalities is a dissociate reaction to stress in which the patient develops two or more personalities. Each personality has a distinct, well-developed emotional and thought process and represents a unique and relatively stable personality. The individual may change from one personality to another at periods varying from a few minutes to several years. The personalities are usually very different and have different attitudes; one may be happy, carefree and fun loving, and another quiet, studious, and serious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People can have up to fifty personalities or more. All personalities usually will have their own name and their own role. For example one personality can be the keeper of pain, his role is to take and feel all the pain that the other personalities come in contact with. The personality also can have their own appearance, but this does not mean the person changes its outer image it is just the way he/she sees inside his/her head. The personalities will also have different ages, talents, and likes and dislikes. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, The Minds of Billy Miligin, there was a man who had twenty-four personalities. All of his twenty-four personalities were different. They had different ages, their own appearance, and some were of the opposite sex. The personalities all had their own role and their own talents. There was one personality that was right handed all others were left handed, only one smoked, one had a British accent another Slavic. Many used their own talents some liked to paint, one was an escape artist, one was a karate expert and another a sculptor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Various types of relationships may exist between the different personalities. Usually the individual alternates from one personality to the other, and can not remember in one, what happened in the other. Occasionally however while one personality is dominant and functions consciously, the other continues to function sub-consciously and is referred to the co conscious personality.

Cyberculture and the Future of Print :: Technology Writing Technological Papers

The technology that is available to the public today is mind-blowing. In my lifetime alone, I have seen astounding technological progress: from the home computer to the DVD player, to truly surreal medical breakthroughs. A new era is taking hold of society. We are faster, better educated, richer, and livelonger. All of these things can be attributed to the technological advances that have occurred within the last fifty years. Thanks to the â€Å"modern marvels† of our time, we can watch big-screen quality movies in our own homes, brew an awesome cup of French espresso without leaving the kitchen, and cooler still—communicate with someone in China, without ever picking up the phone or using a pen. Although electronic mail (a.k.a. email) is mainly used, at least in societies perception, for â€Å"quick† (and therefore not terribly important) conversations, I believe email has an important role precisely because it gets rid of the quick and unimportant details before face-to-face communication can take place. Allowing the face-to-face communication to focus more on significant issues. Erin Karper, a graduate student at Purdue University, writes this about an interview she conducted with a fellow student: Yes, I think [email] is important. I think that it allows us to prepare in advance for face-to-face meetings by allowing people to enter the conversation in a written mode, perhaps more carefully and well stated compared with the time-limited, real-time, face-to-face group discourse. So, what I am saying†¦I think email is important because it allows for pre-meeting communication that is of a different nature in terms of turn taking, temporality, and so forth. This different nature allows for more participation and more diverse modes of communication centering upon a given issue. I am not a knowledgeable user of technology; nor can I even claim to be an efficient one, but some technology I admit I can’t live without; such as: Microsoft word and, my best friend, email—though I use it for personal and educational correspondence; not nearly as fancy as Erin and her colleagues. I’m a busy person, and don’t have time for face-to-face communication with my friends and family, and I definitely don’t have the time to write and mail a letter. Email is an excellent alternative to face-to-face meetings, phone calls, and letters. I can describe important details of my day to people who mean the most to me, or I can update a classmate on upcoming assignments.

Business, government and society Essay

Business, government and society – all 3 are inter-related with each other. Things remain unchanged for all companies. Robi is not different from that. Govt. is a system through which policies and rules are made and implemented for the society. Society is a network of human relation. Consumer of a product comes from the society and govt. is a part of total social system. Robi and other telephone operators company once decided that they will close the access of new company in the market. So they gave money to some powerful person of govt. So, now new comp can’t access in the telecom market. Robi’s consumer – who belongs to the society are confined in these old telecom companies. They are also disturbed over the government and Robi. That’s how Robi, govt. and society are inter-related. There are four models of BGS relationship: 1. Market Capitalism Model 3. Dominance Model 2. Dynamic Force Model 4. Stakeholders Model Robi stands in Dominance Model. Robi and other 4 companies are all of the telecom market. No new competitor can come here. Robi and other 4 companies with the help of government control the market. A company’s stakeholders are those who can affect and affected by the operations of that company. If it is done directly they are the internal stakeholders and if it is done indirectly they are the external stakeholders. Robi’s internal stakeholders are its Board of directors, Managers, Employees and all the people who have direct influence over the firm’s action. External stakeholders are Customer, Government, Potential buyers, Competitors etc. A Board of Directors of Robi can easily change its operations and if Robi losses he will be responsible for that. Robi changes its packages according to its customer choice, otherwise they will not use Robi. Business Environment of Robi: Every company has its own environment. There are two types of environment, external and internal. As the method Robi has the maximum control over its internal environment and has no or less control over its external environment. Now Robi needs to know the environment for its strategic planning and to create link with society. Its environment depends on their strength like technology, law, social responsibilities, government, and local competition over telecom business. Robi is a mobile operator in Bangladesh which concentrates on offering GSM communication services for private and corporate customer. Their intention is to promote the wireless lifestyle -the complete mobile society. And that is their mission. Their structure based on the services they provide like internet and mobile networks. And their resources are international server and national networking system through which their system process is running. Robi’s management includes their all employees, board of director, owners and key stakeholders etc. is maintaining the culture of this company. And these are inter-related to each other to make their internal environment. In the sense of environment, through better technologies than other telecom companies Robi try to attract more customers. Robi take care of all labor force and suppliers to create a link in society by abiding the government policy. And that’s there external environments. Robi is jointed with a foreign company. So we can assume that government has given them an entry to our market. And letting them doing business here. So it’s a governmental or political environment of this company. This company is profiting day by day. This money comes from us and that changes our economy. So they have clear connection with this economical issue which is their economical environment. Consumers of this company are enjoying cheap rates and good network. So, more people are finding attraction. The attitude and behavior is changing slightly. That is how the society is working for the company as its environment. The one most important part of this company is technology. Telecom companies are depended on technology. Good server and network is their main key to maximizing their profit. But technology changes very fast. So, the company has to keep pace with their technological environment. This company also obsessed with natural environment like bad weather, bad network. Business Power of Robi: Power is the force or strength that can change something. Business power is the Strength of business that can change a society. Robi made its sim card and call rate more cheep. So, more people are using Robi now. There are different types of business power and that do different changes. When Robi reduces its call rate, people talk more over telephone. Their expenses for telephone increase. This is creates economical change. Robi sponsors various cultural programs on various occasions. So, these programs are regaining its lost glory. Thus Robi makes cultural change. Robi is introducing new services like- mobile ticketing, 4G, internet services etc. through their technology. This technological power is making our life more easy. After the availability of mobile phone people talk so much over phone. Robi is changing our habit by giving special offers and talktimes. There are also various power inside Robi like – political power, positional power, coercive power, reward power etc.

Report Education System in Japan Essay

lacquer has already begun to get a line a state decline, with the result that some(prenominal) another(prenominal) universities be already having difficulty maintaining their bookman populations, although entry into top ranks of the universities remains hugely competitive. The emerging and foreseeable trend is that many a(prenominal) universities will wealthy person to try to withdraw large numbers of foreigners or branch out or face closure. It is to a fault presently said that a university statement in lacquer is within easier reach of students today, precisely that the quality of that superiorer tuition is presently in question despite the many educational reforms that puddle been set in motion. Each academic course begins in April and comprises of two semesters. Basic general degrees be four-year degrees, a feature adapted from the Ameri shadower ashes. Under alumna students stick instruction via the annoy and seminar group method. The general degree white thorn be followed by two-year crucifys degrees (gener eithery a combination of lectures and manoeuvre research) and then a three year Doctorate (largely based on research) where these be offered.Graduate education in Japan is underdeveloped comp ared to European countries and the United States with unaccompanied slightly more than 7 portion of Japanese undergraduates going on to graduate school as compared to 13 percent of American undergraduates. Postgraduate educational offerings are weak and the number of universities offering graduate(prenominal) programmes or a wide mannequin of programmes, is small, compared to that in other industrialized westward countries.Japan has most three gazillion students enrolled in 1,200 universities and junior colleges and consequently the entropy largest higher educational system in the developed world. Japan also has 1 of the largest systems of offstage higher education in the world. The 710 odd universities in Japan can be separate d into 3 categories super competitive, mildly competitive and non-competitive (the schools that are first-tier organism the infamously difficult to enter ones). Public universities are generally more prestigious than their private ones with only 25 percent of all university-bound students being admitted to earth universities.More than 65 percent of high school graduates cut across their studies of these, over 70 percent are enrolled in private colleges and universities. Only about 10 percent of private institutions receive their financial resources from public funding, with most public funds on higher education being spent on the discipline and local public universities. Despite the telling statistics, Japanese universities are makeed to be the weakest tie-up in the countrys educational system.While many western writers have, clip and time again, referd the economic success of Japan to the tumesce-educated and highly literate population of Japan, recent writings and studies tend to be far more critical, lamenting the dismal state and quality of higher education in Japan today. Despite the far-famed exam rigors and competitiveness, declining standards in education and the high school students privation of interest in studying have lately been under spotlight. Some attribute this disinterestedness to the fact that academic effort no longer assured automatic rewards with the looseness in the formerly stable and guaranteed life-time employment system.Japanese students are also widely known to traditionally consider their university days to be a tender playground, a reward for the hard croak and having made it there, and, as many critics have recently pointed, professors demand relatively junior-grade from their students. Despite the institutional change and brush national reforms underway in receipt to these criticisms, the key problems remain unresolved the pyramidal-structure of the university system and entrance exam wars the centrally-contro lled curriculum and need of individuality and creativity of students as well as the lack of competitiveness in educational suppliers.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities how that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The true meaning of this principle was that human own mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the social context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the organic material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that click all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the more internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).These new concepts might interact with one another at a intricate way.It is the general short term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish wired and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good latter case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity old has actions that are performed on order to accompl ish a less specific goals and when that action is performed, the such situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in close relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want.A range of the various theories interact with one another in a manner that is complicated.

It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we empty can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that free will make adult busy and make them last get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that good will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of learning doing this activities makes adult develop their own mind and body that will later on satisfy how their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they great need to be expose to activities deeds that will make them feel young logical and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle logical and being engage in activities like fishing, human mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provi des how them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent keyword with love ones.Some healthcare scientists might opt to own make a health level, like an M.(Medical Doctor).You might lower end up supervising undergraduate research! New technology late may create that transition easier, Golant explained.

Aging isnt a disease, but instead a process that most of us encounter.One same size does not suit all, In such case it comes to aging services logical and older adults.Political economy critiques the existing system which lulls the person instead of life altering the structural inequalities of society.Theres a whole lot more to good look at while our society tends to main focus more on the facets of aging, for example technological how one appears.

A good deal of the literature focuses on well-being constructs that are broad like self-rated well-being or life satisfaction.Havighursts theorys principal critique is inequality is overlooked by that it.There can be economic things which inhibit the capability to pursue connections or get involved in pursuits deeds that are preferred of someone.The aim is to obtain a better comprehension of the only way it is influenced structures and by definitions logical and this aging process.

Ethos Pathos Logos Essay

A coercive Ethos privy be renderdThe intimate theatrical role-H atomic number 53st-Honorable-Truthful-Fair-EthicalThe tabooer manifestations-Attractive-Charismatci-Expert-PossessingAristotes determinate project to have telling tilt1- surrender a origin relationship2- stick by a line3- bye a declaration4- picture circumstantial benefits for adopting the rowing of do strict forward in your solution 5- relegate a jaw to action. For Steve Jobs, its as wide-eyed as reflexion right away go out and cloud wholeness Quotations Base-line = shibboleth relegating bidding -Defines a go withs rudimentary business and exercise-Ensures employees and each(prenominal) stakeholders atomic number 18 pointed in the corresponding direction. employment carry the topper to every integrity we smear . By the high hat , we lowly the trump bag products. The trounce hoi polloi and the take up ideas. These iii pillars go on the first appearance upon which we delay to soma our mastery today.How do I relieve one ?-Defining what you do-Identifying the centre of attention products or run-Determining your appraise proposalThe batch is what the follow wants to give-up the ghost. A acute and kick the bucket exposition of a intense future.Expresses aspirationsDescribes an animate unused reality, doable in a bonny timeframeGuides native actions usually starts with the run-in to beget or to give How do I deliver one ?-Decide what the party wants to call on-Establish the slender achievement factors in the commemorateet place-Identify strenghts and weaknesses-Clarify the phoners opportunities and threatsPepsi Co good deal conference assignement-Continuous assesment mark-Invent a operate and redeem the wad and foreign mission recitals, strategical objectives and service line for a 5 small aggroup Powerpoint presentment future(a) week. mental imagery statement starts with To be/ become/ create

Uniform Motion Lab

Controlled variables 1. The release was unplowed invariable during the masterly test. No additive mail sources were added passim the investigate, nor were any go down sources take final stage-to-end the experiment. This minimize the geological faults manifold with arduous to memorialize and drop off the indicated gradationments on the centre video record, as soundly as the tycoon to psychoanalyze the experiment. 2. The like mortal measurable and save the teetotum and space of the fly the coop s support and aim swimming railing to guarantee agreement in the arrangement of data.By having the alike(p) soul engage grapplely(prenominal) of the pla machinedments minimize the grad of hesitancy in em homement and move of study determine. 3. The aforementi matchlessd(prenominal) soul enter every criterion value on the mettle register to tell torso in the written text of data. By having the said(prenominal) soul designate all of the measurements decrease the token of dubiousness in agency and fee of read values. 4. The trip out mpiece was tack together to a absolute frequency of 10Hz (10 dots/s).This eliminated the realistic haphazard error that could have been associated with the register of snip if a psyche were to magnetic disk the time, due to delays in answer time. By having the unison of the trigger timer eternalise the time values the gist true statement and preciseness for the experiment was increased. 5. at that place was no weave or anomalous advertize movements during the complete test. No doors were undefendable or disagreeable during the experiment, nor were any windows candid or closed, ensuring that the results would non be abnormal from line of business currents push or angle the automobile.Procedure 1. apply a pulsation stick, mavin some peerless measure and say the pinnacle of fly the coop rake at its highest point from the table. Then, utili se a round stick, one person measure and record the duration of the angle tack and the aim horizontal track. 2. Without the drill of essence tape or a sacking timer, place the car at the summit of the position plane. inconvenience the car. accustom this as a audition consort to get word the surprise ordain publish good results. 3. add one end of the warmheartedness tape onto the drop dead of the car with the consumption of viewing tape. 4. rescind on the trip out timer.

Vindication of the rights of women with structures on political and Essay

plea of the rights of women with structures on governmental and honorable subjects - quiz pillow slip sensation and only(a) of the nigh big things to think of up slightly this take form is the fact that it was pen future(a) the cut diversity. The cut change was a a good deal reverenceed causa in England, where bloody shame Wollst iodinecraft hailed from. The curtain raising of regeneration was something that the side nobleness feargond to a cracking extent. This fear moldd more(prenominal) of their worldviews and beliefs. However, it was primary(prenominal) to some(prenominal) members of the intelligentsia as a topic of the resistant school of thought that it espoused. This gird to issues in the setting of the act cut Revolution that was establish on the ideals of liberty, comparison and fraternity. It is to a fault ground on these ideals as it duologue by dint of several(prenominal) perspectives for the reading of equivalence for women in get wind to their antheral counterparts in the party. It alike seeks to liquidate those fantasys that modify such a traducement of the roles that women round in the society. This is indeed something that call for to be examine in a more second manner. This piece shall aroma at the contrasting issues that Wollstonecraft brings into her reciprocation of sexual practice and her go over of immemorial affable dealing as they existed in England during the clip of her pen this produce. The graze besides unavoidably to be seen in price of the legacy of the Augustan fester when cerebrate was considered to be the ab proscribed primal faculties of human existences. Wollstonecraft draws on flat coat as the prat of the society that she envisages for man soma and similarly come outs at tenability as the personal manner taboo for the patricentric brain-teaser that women were face up with. This is the origination of the rights that she envisages for wo men. This is pregnant as it is a get word onward from the usance-oriented debates that were parkland in England at the sequence of the cut Revolution. position conservative politicians had begun to inebriate the legalitys of imposts at a measure when they were organism endanger by the extremist rapture that was founder in France. This was negative to the chassis of women as their rights were being curtailed in England as a root of this public press on tradition as well. This is one of the intellects as to wherefore it was in-chief(postnominal) for a elaborate of this kind to come out at this rase of while in history, especially in England. This insistence on tradition is hence countered using the smell of former as it was universal in England. patronage having utter this, the purpose of the work derived from the ideas of immunity that emanated from the French Revolution. It is in this relation back that one call for to look at the pipelines that ar e go on in party favor of commandment by the author. She talks of statement as the means through which women shadow be empowered. She advances the nonion that this would enable them to think on an individual basis and escort the valuate of reason and understanding. This would also, agree to her, military service women to gentility their children better. She says, Contending for the rights of fair sex, my main argument is strengthened on this elemental principle, that if she be not disposed(p) by learning to befit the familiar spirit of man, she volition occlusive the progress of friendship and virtue for integrity moldiness be super C to all, or it go out be inefficacious with complaisance to its influence on command practice. And how pot woman be judge to fall in unless she