Marketing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Environment - Essay ExampleThe work is about marketing. It defines the bound marketing and dwells on its strategies. The originator describes ingredients that still need to be considered for a business organization to accomplish out easier to their target market, because looking into the characteristics and thought processes of the people still holds as the most significant factor to be looked into by the individuals in the field of sales and marketing. The researcher singles out such factors as quality of a product/service, reliability of a product/service, and attraction of a product/service. At the same time while taking-care of the customers choice a lot of other factors fox also to be considered. Those factors are the social, legal, economic, political and technological factors. The social factor basically means which classes of people are being targeted by the organization that is making that particular brand - whether it is the upper-class or the upper-middle c lass, middle class or the lower class. Gaining the trust of the local government and reviewing the economic policies and legal matters that govern the country in which the product or service will be made available will be a strong ground from which the advertisers can make as a take off point. The tremendous growth of technological advancement has become the driving force of contemporary industries. The diffusion of the internet has revolutionized the business arena. The author provides PESTLE analysis of the mother care brand.

Importance of the Physician-Patient and Hospital-Patient Relationships Term Paper

Importance of the Physician-Patient and Hospital-Patient Relationships - Term Paper typefaceThis paper illustrates that there are numerous factors and variables to account for, all of which constitute the general performance of the health sector. Two of the most notable factors or variables in the health perplexity setting are physician-patient and infirmary-patient relationships. The interaction of patients with the physicians and the hospital setting builds a favorable ground upon which patients can access quality complaint and be taken care of by the physicians. The interaction between the parties involved seeks to promote the welfare of all of them. Hospitals are intentional to provide care to patients in order to promote their health and wellbeing. Healthcare facilities raise their welfare by achieving the purpose for which they were established. On the other hand, physicians have a duty to ensure that patients are provided with quality care whenever they need it. Patients have the right to access health care services and quality care from physicians in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Fostering healthy relationships between patients, physicians, and hospitals enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of providing health care services. The health care setting is made up of numerous stakeholders, namely patients, physicians, healthcare facility administrators, restrictive agencies, insurers, and the government among others. These stakeholders interact on differentiated grounds and for variant reasons. However, the common denominator is that one of these stakeholders can sneak in into a contract with another. Warranties are also operational in the healthcare setting, especially in patient-physician interaction. authorities sponsored health care programs constitute contracts between health care facilities and the government through the relevant programs put to work by the government in that line. On the same note, patients can enter into con tracts with insurers to secure insurance coverage. everywhere and above this, patients and physicians can engage in contractual relationships relative to the provision of care. On the other hand, warranties in the healthcare setting encompass any assurances made by one party to another, whose breach results in remedial consequences.

Advice for the Critique of an Academic Journal Article

Advice for the Critique of an Academic Journal - obligate Exampleis, the emphasis is on collecting various manifestations of INV, which the authors divide into three groups born global, born over again global, and born international. (Gabrielsson et al., 2014, p. 450). In the given theoretical framework, the authors use data from several case studies from mostly growing firms in knowledge-intensive sector. So, it is crucial to discuss reasonedity, dependability, and transferability of the given support to the main idea.Based on the presented theoretical assumptions, the discourse seems reasonable. In particular, the examples of real activity fit the theoretical assumptions of its entrepreneurial features. In other words, case studies light upon the findings on causal relationship between the enterprise and opportunism to be really about what they be to be about (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 157). Although, the presented data has doubtful actuality. Even though the article was pu blished in 2014, the authors ruined their interviews with founders and CEOs before 2011 (Gabrielsson et al., 2014, p. 451). Thus, the data omits recent challenges for instance, the impact of global economic crisis in 2012. Nevertheless, analysis is deep and comprehensive. In fact, the authors highly value their choice of multiple case studies as they are expected to be valid (Gabrielsson et al., 2014, p. 451). So, the illustrative capacity of above-mentioned evidence is strong, as it has convincing literature basis and numerous sources of unimaginative evidence in fact, it seems to be a pioneer research combination in the field.As for reliability of the evidence, it reveals its limits. By being the only source of presented data, multiple interviews with key actors make the selection bias is inevitable. In this context, classification of paths imposes the limit on number of cases. At the same time, this approach increases an accuracy of presented data. Actually, authors achieved the ir aim to take a crap a more holistic and contextual

Ethics in History Film Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in explanation Film Response Paper - Essay ExampleMuch of the cast consists of Algerians. The film is available in three versions of different lengths 120, 125 and 135 minutes respectively. This paper attempts to interpret the films political connotation in light of historical developments since the colonial period.Much of the film is a flashback of Ali, the Algerian Front de Liberation (FLN) leader. The flashback begins when the cut generals corner him in 1957. Some three years before the French hunt him down, Ali was a immaculate thief who made the decision to be part of the secretive organization (FLN) with the hope that he could render Casbah from the atrocities of the colonial government. Pontecorvo goes to the roots of the liberation struggle and unearths the stringent measures that the French government resorted to in a bid to calm the situation before it reached a national scale. When Alis flashback is done with, the French impinge on generals him alongside other notorious FLN leaders. Thereafter, the film resumes a more general focus that eventually culminates in the independence declaration for the African nation in 1962.Imperialism has been a strange issue to most filmmakers. In fact, Pontecorvo did a great job to highlight some of the thorny questions surrounding Western colonialism in the passage of arms of Algiers. He paints out the picture of imperialism even as the West is fighting hard to eradicate terrorism and rebel tactics of indigenous people. Pontecorvo drives home the point that even though the French torturous trading operations earned them defeat against the Algerian rebels during the war, the rebels finally had the last laugh as the French could not accommodate on to the colony for long. This contrast raises the debate as to whether the use of violent means is effective profuse to deal with acts of terrorism currently growing worldwide.The film should not be underrated because of its underlying implications. The United States is peculiarly on the limelight owing

Company Profile- Ted Baker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company Profile- Ted bread maker - Essay ExampleBut by dint of them it has continued the journey of its prosperity and advance custodyt. The company has opened many outlets worldwide also it has jumped into the online shopping market. The Ted Baker Company used high quality materials and techniques in their production. It is one of the chief reasons of its prosperity (Ellen, 2007, p. 281).In this debate we will discuss deeply the company profile of the Ted Baker Company. The history of the company, its products details, marketing and advertisement strategies, fresh development, competitors and customers will be the main topics of discussion. In this way we will be able to understand the exploitation and the impact of the market values on the development of the company. It is important to note that the Ted Baker Company has only(prenominal) completed two decades since its appearance in the market.The founder of the Ted Baker Company is the passionate and the capable barter man R ay Kelvin. Kelvin belonged to the long line of hammer retailers. In his childhood he worked in the garment shop of his uncle and after that he developed the idea of a long chain fashion store in his peak years. The aspect which greatly contributed towards the success of his idea and the acceptance of the company among the customers is the pretty taste of Ray Kelvin. He had the ability to capture the needs and tastes of the buyers. He was also awarded a CBE for his rare services to the industry of fashion and clothing. He used his greater sense of marketing techniques to capture the assistance of the customers.The journey of the Ted Baker Company started in the year 1988 when the company opened its first store at the Glasgow. The progress was then followed by the opening of three more stores. The places were Nottingham Exchange Arcade, Manchester and King Street. The promotional dodge was that they offered dry cleaning services with every shirt they sold. At that time the chief p roduct was mens dress shirt (Ellen, 2007,

Modern Sports Prevail Over Gymnastics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern Sports Prevail Over Gymnastics - strive ExampleThe foundations of advanced gymnastics originated in the earlier eighteen hundreds by a German nationalist whose goal was to inspire solidarity and Germanic pride among the youths. That patriot was a man named Friedrich Ludwig Jahn aka Father Jahn and his gymnastics dressing stemmed from the pursuit of national unity and freedom from French rule. Confident that physical education was list in order strengthen national character and national identity, Jahn utilize fencing, wrestling, swimming, and throwing, as well as war games which trained the practitioners in war-like scenarios, which was known as Turnen. Even though Jahn developed many of the apparatuses used in gymnastics today such as the horizontal bar, parallel bar, and the pommel horse, his training was neer geared toward competition but rather personal improvement and developing skills useful on the battlefield. In the same way cultures mold beliefs, values, and trad itions the culture in the time of Father Jahn created the mold in which modern gymnastics was born.

OPERATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPERATION - seek ExampleAt the same time, Deere also aligned its production processes with sales forecasts, supplier lead times, and guest demand for the products, which enabled the connection to immediately respond to rapid changes in product demand and reduce the companys vulnerability to external factors that affect its profitability and operations. Similarly, Revlons recent inventory restructuring initiative was influenced by the increased need to optimise all aspects of the companys resources to meet greater customer-service expectations and to manage capital flows from inventory to other business activities such as research and product development. In contrast with Deeres efforts, Revlon emphasized a process-based approach to reduce inventory costs. This entailed targeting the ineffectual parts of the companys supply chain for restructuring in order to achieve a better synchronization crossways the functional areas of the business. For one, Revlon focused on making susta inable changes by changing attitudes and behavior within the company that contributed to inefficient business processes in order to align leadership and heed practices with the demands of the new inventory management process.

Socrates Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socrates - Term idea ExampleTherefore, he decided to take up his punishment and non attempt to escape. One occupation that Socrates used in accepting his punishment was his contention that Athenian legalitys had a parental authority everyplace the inhabitants of Athens. Sans these laws, Socrates as a man would not have been who he was and would not even have been born. In the first place did we not bring you into existence? Your novice married your mother by our advocate and begot you (Plato 53). It is through these laws that he was raised and trained for Greek life. Socrates claims that these laws, which possess the charges educations, were amend to command their fathers to train their sons in gymnastics and music. He continues his argument by establishing that Athenian laws have a parental authority oer Athenian citizens. Socrates claims, since you were brought into the world and nurtured and educated by us, can you deny that you are a slave and babe as your fathers were? (Plato 53). Crito poses an ethical dilemma in mavin of his arguments that sought to convince Socrates to escape. He contends that if he stays, he will be helping his persecutors in unjustly harming hi, which would make his staying an unjust one. In addition, he was in any case abandoning his children to a fatherless future (Plato 51). Socrates argues against this by explaining to Crito the Athenian law and the way he viewed it as one entity. He contended that breaking of one of these laws amounted to breaking all laws he explains that Athenian citizens are bound to law just as a child is bound to his father. He poses an almost metaphysical sort of kind contract that, instead of breaking the law and escaping, he should argue his case rationally and hope he would be treated justly before the court. Socrates contends that he had been found guilty and was to be put to death. It was essential to see it as right and just because he had seen what the law had done until that point and it had been right and just. It was his article of faith that if he stone-broke the law, it would be unjust, and he would have failed in his duty. Socrates identity as an Athenian specify his personality, and he would never be welcomed in any other civilized society if he broke Athenian law. It was Socrates belief that if he should break the law of Athens, then the underworld would judge him harshly, losing his soul. This dialogue with Crito comes across like an ancient and Athenian propaganda for the city-state of Athens. Socrates assumes the position that he is the custodian of the law and the city of Athens. Socrates claims that he is not on talks that are equal footing with Athenian law, and he does not have the right to work against it through saving his own life and running away. In this dialogue, Socrates claims, Is your wisdom such as not to realize that your country is to be honored more than your mother, your father, and all your ancestors, which it is more to be idolize and sacred. It counts for more among the gods and sensible men that you moldiness worship it, yield to it, and placate its anger more than your fathers? (Plato 54). Therefore, practically, the argument put across by Socrates is that Athens is a sacred city that citizens must always obey and that the citizens must never leave it. In his dialogue with Crito, Crito attempts to convince him to go into exile, which Socrates refuses. He contends that he is too old and is not resentful of death, believing that he has no right to

The racist media of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The racist media of America - Essay ExampleThis is really a rangy problem not only for the society but also for its future because racism affects every aspects of life.To see to it why media always portray African Americans unfairly it is important to understand where this racism came from in the media. digest shows were very popular in American entertainment when on that point was no film and television desire back ago. In 1920s stage shows was the main source of entertainment in America. During that period funniness shows ar very popular and mockery of other races by the stage operators is very popular among the exsanguine audiences. Generally the white stage realizeers make the African Americans victims of their degrading jokes.During that period the most famous comedy show was the minstrel show. The minstrel show was started by in 1830s by the white actor, doubting Thomas Dartmouth Rice. He copied the song-and-dance idea from the young African Americans artists who us ed to perform on the street. In this show the lead actor used to perform the role of Daddy Rice after blackened his face with burnt cork. He used to perform Jump Jim Crow while wearing tattered clothes. After few years, Edwin P. Christie, a white businessman, marketed the entire show which made the minstrel show more famous. After the laws were changed, the African Americans also performed in the show, but they too had to paint their face black for the show. There were several titles for minstrel shows. These shows atomic number 18 completely based on the stereotypes of African American cultures. Generally these shows are based on sluggish African Americans who used to spoke poor English. Often white actors used to perform in a stupid way and audience used to laugh at them.The motion picture was started after the Thomas Edison invented the Kinetoscope 1889 and after the invention of cinema whites again started portraying the African Americans unfairly for their entertainment. The first full length feature film The Epic Birth of a Nation was released in America in 1915 in which Klu Klux Klan was portrayed as true American hero whereas blacks were portrayed as inferior and brutal to whites. In this way, the first movie which was made in America shows the brutal racism against the African Americans. In the early geezerhood of Hollywood there were many African American actors but almost all of them are portrayed as inferior and stupid servants with low level of intelligence. The minstrel image from the early days of the film and television of America still continue to haunt the media of this country. Men in Black and heraldic bearing Hour are the highest grossing films starring African American actors. In the movie Rush Hour Chris bunk acts as an incompetent turkey from the beginning till the end. Chris Tucker is now the highest paid African American actor in Hollywood. He collects over $20 million a movie. In Hollywood there are also serious actors such a s Morgan Freeman and Denzel Washington who do not perform minstrel roles like Chris Tucker, and both Morgan Freeman and Denzel Washington are not highly paid as him. In Men in Black, Wills Smith had performed weird minstrel role and acted like a joker in the whole movie and handles the tiny gun incompetently. In America media plays an important role to accept the thoughts and mind of the people.

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Collaboration Essay

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Collaboration - quiz ExampleIt is manifested through online manducate, virtual meetings, pep talks, or even in a team huddle. Because of the cash advance of science and technology, synchronous collaboration has also improved the way it is being performed. As stated above, online chat and virtual meetings argon just some of the newest forms of synchronous collaboration.Albeit, information technology has helped elevate our communicative lifestyle, in that respect are still pros and cons or advantages and disadvantages of synchronous collaboration, especially, with the inclusion of information technology. Some of the rouge advantages are it hastens the parley process especially on situations when an immediate response is direly needed. Another key advantage is that it would promote a more spontaneous interaction between individuals. On the other hand, its key advantages are, first, it is not ubiquitous or is not present everywhere. The access on online chat and virtual meetings are available only to those who are located on highly developed societies and not all of us use it. Another key disadvantage is that it is not pliable. Seen this way, it is sometimes best to not communicate synchronously because it precludes us from thinking oer a certain thing before we give out our

Compare three companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare three companies - Essay Example1 in the boilers suit mobile phone market with its revenues skyrocketing and sales to end exploiters growing 19 percent in the scrap quarter of 2013 .This paper is an attempt to identify the key tactics and measures adopted by Samsung to reach the come about slot of consumer market all over the world. Apple and Samsung have been rivals of each other over a number of years for acquiring the entitlement for the trump out Smartphone manufacturer. In the recent past, Apple has convincingly won the best Smartphone provider in the past years. After the loss of its iconic mastermind Steve Job, Apple has lost its keep on on the market and is receiving tough competition from Samsung. Samsung, on the other hand, has shot to fame by breaking his give previous sales records by consistently improving the quality of its smartphones, talent high-quality products like the Samsung Galaxy and giving lots of sunrise(prenominal) features with every version of its smart phone range. Although Sony is not far behind besides it allow for take time to compete on an equal scale with Samsung. Sony had established its name kind of firmly in the television, LCD, LED, gadgets, and cellphone manufacturing industry but Samsung has now taken the lead in this scene and is capturing the TV market by developing LED, LCD with more advanced technology and more user friendly features under reasonable rates. After the not so successful launch of iPhone5, Apple has lightly predicted that the new iPhone 5S will be the first ever Apple phone that has been created primarily to compete with Samsung and will give a tough competition in head to head sales. If both companys latest smartphones are analyzed, then it becomes pass along that the image of Samsung is in every way a bar ahead from Apple because of its unique production techniques. It is important to have a comparison of iPhone5S and Samsung Galaxy S4 spectacles to understand the difference betwe en the latest offerings from each vendor. Both these sets were introduced in 2013. DISPLAY Samsung Apple visible size 5.0 inches 4.0 inches Resolution 1080 x 1920 pixels 640 x 1136 pixels Pixel density 441 ppi 326 ppi Technology Super AMOLED IPS LCD colour 16 777 216 16 777 216 Touchscreen Capacitive, Multi-touch Capacitive, Multi-touch Features Light sensor, Proximity sensor, Scratch-resistant glass (Corning Gorilla Glass) Light sensor, Proximity sensor ironware System chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 APQ8064T Apple A6 Processor Quad core, 1900 MHz, Krait 300 Dual core, 1300 MHz, Apple Swift artistic production processor Adreno 320 PowerVR SGX543MP3 System memory 2048 MB RAM (Dual-channel) / LPDDR3 1016 MB RAM (Dual-channel, 1066 MHz) / LPDDR2 Built-in storage 16 GB 16 GB Storage expansion microSD, microSDHC, microSDXC up to 64 GB (Han) From the above comparison, it becomes send away that Samsung is taking the lead in almost every aspect related to producing a great and in full loaded smart phone. The only edge that iPhone 5s seem to have over Samsungs Galaxy S4 is that iPhone tends to be much lighter but still Samsungs S4 offers so much more and is also having a handy look to suit all sorts of customers. The strange thing which is noticed by the users of android is that the new version of Apple ios7 is almost a replica to the android users, which is a controversial topic. It is crystal clear that the iPhone is actually adopting android interface software to give their iPhone a different look. The new version of

Charles Jencks and Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charles Jencks and Postmodernism - Essay ExamplePostmodernism defined the exaggerated and incessantly revolutionary form of modernness. For Jencks Postmodernism hybridises Modernism by reweaving the recent modern past and local nicety.Charles Jencks referred to Modernism as to the international style deriving from facts of the new means of construction and satisfactory to a new industrial culture. He also utter that the goal of Modernism was the change of friendship, both in its social structure and taste. Being an international and a universal style, this movement proved unwilling to historical and cultural context considerations. Postmodernism, according to him, replaces the shortcomings of Modernism by relating the architecture of a place with the place itself by deriving inspirations from the local construction style and culture of a place.The Classical explanation of Postmodernism was made by Charles Jencks in 1978. He characterized Postmodernist architecture as double codin g the mixture of Modern techniques with traditional construction so Postmodern architects could communicate with the society and create buildings that are more relevant to the surroundings as compared to the international style. ... Post-modernism means the end of a single world view and a resistance to single explanations, a respect for difference and a celebration of the regional, local and place particular peculiarities. Yet in its suffix Modern, it still carries the essence of a service which is international and in some senses universal. In this sense it is always hybrid, mixed, ambiguous, and double-coded architecture which results out of the process of Postmodernist thinking.His theories hold distrust in architecture that expressed through its form whether function, or feelings & associations Jencks argues that these expressive forms could allow for rise to unintended meanings and at times ends up in confusion. For example the form of the Ronchamp chapel knowing by Le Corb usier relates itself to that of the hat of a man, a ship and the praying hands of a man or a flying bird. This according to him created confusion. Jencks describes Postmodernism as a movement that is irreducibly multiple, located between the demands of past aesthetics and those of present-day technologies and struggles. He opines that architecture must relate everyday meanings to more important manifestations in impairment of architectural functions in a building, be they social, political, religious or cultural.As described in the agree Language of Post-Modern Architecture, the end of Modernism and architecture as social experimentation was epitomised by the blowing up of the St. Louis Pruitt Igoe exoteric housing estate in 1972. In his book Jencks describes this event as a milestone in history that marked the formal death of modernism owing to its failure the experiment in storeyed public housing for low

Chinese-American Immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese-American Immigrants - Essay exemplarThe sourness of living where dignity is flushed and third and fourth degree works(which in America they do non accept to deal with and leave to women to do) was the only was to find a means of living to survive. consequently the laundry business ran by Maxines father when he was kicked break of the business of gambling. As infantren from Chinese immigrants, Maxine did not understand the relation between myth and reality and talk-stories were a way to sense the factuelles and weave a mentality that could help her understand America and become American yet not forgetting her heritage of Chinese background.A journey of sufferings does not stop at the gratuity where problems concerning finance stops but extends to the lamb ones who suffer in silence besides the person and try to find a way out of it. Being a man responsible for a family, Maxines father was in the place of a womanhood when dealing with the American society(now he has to obey the father when yet unmarried(il effectual immigrants),obey the husband when married(the legal laws and registration of legal papers),obedience to the sons when widowed(the happiness of father when he planted his plants in the garden a steady and slow into the future(a) of the family ,remembering the suffering he was suffering when out of a job.).Yet the ethics of a woman in a staminate society where immigrants were not contriven as unwelcomed beings drove the family to work in the third-grade industries -the laundry. The work being unmanageable and tiring, the father was experiencing the problem of facing reality through a womans eyes (whether he saw or did not see or realize this).China men is a story about growth up in a Chinese background in American reality with a family to concord, from the point of view of Maxine who had no accessChinese realities but what she sees in reality as a child surrounding the family and working on. As seen for sure, the reality was sour and the fact that women were unpreferable to men made Maxine want to originate herself and thus conflicted inside her with herself as to the fact if she would constantly become a pride in the family and to it when ever growing up in America with her strict and unbent mother from Chinese heritage. Brave orchidaceous plant was the motive for Maxine to grow up into a strong character and she recited the story from the point of view of her male relatives and especially her fathers because she understood that understanding someone from a different gender and being in their home made her understand the factuality and beliefs she carried on in life.China Men is in fact a biography of the father and an autobiography of Maxines feelings and point of view of life through her fathers stories from his living reality. Life was harsh and getting legal registration of documents and facing racism in America for Chinese people who came measly from their countries doing their best to be better in the land of the golden mountains of gold made he see what reality is truly like from someone who is far away from home, estranged and widowed having nobody to support them. Yet their happy times did not fade away as they were able to recollect their shatter

ONE of the following Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

superstar of the following - Essay ExampleIt is still possible to mitigate, avoiding the worst. The scientific community has offered specific recomm final stageations to governments, but the query is whether politics are going to listen to the recommendations of scientists. Thus, we are going to discuss the challenges that orbicular warming presents to twain governments and businesses. First of all, it is necessary to mention that globose warming is a tremendous challenge to the whole humanity. To date, the global scientific community has received the irrefutable proofs of the secular trend of global warming, which serves as an indicator of clime changes on the Earth. The surface temperature of the standard pressure has increased by 0, 74 ?C over the past century. fair(a) temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere were higher than in any 50-year period in the last five hundred years during the second half of the twentieth century, and probably is the highest in the last 1300 ye ars. Thinking about consequences of global warming, Weart (2003) stated that widespread phenomena, such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers and polar ice sheets (particularly in the Arctic), the lessening of snow and ice covered areas of the earths surface, the increase in rainfall in some regions (the eastern part of North and South America, Northern Europe, North and Central Asia ) and a diminution in others, the expansion arid zones (Africa, South Asia, part), more frequent tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic, and so on are connected with global warming. Global warming and climate change affect the condition of many a(prenominal) natural ecosystems in some ways, and thus, they have an impact on climate conditions in the biosphere as a whole, the biosphere conditions of human existence. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes up to 2500 experts from 130 countries, stated in the fourth part Assessment Report, which was presented in 2007, tha t global warming is an undeniable and already irreversible fact. The IPCC projected that by the end of the XXI century, if current trends continue to develop, surface temperature can rise to the most accurate estimate on 1,8-4,0 ? C (different scenarios), but likely, a greater value go forth have a place - from 2,9 to 6,4 ? C. This will entail an increase in climatic shocks and disasters, such as more frequent and extensive flood, flooding of low-lying coastal areas in one regions, drought and desertification in others. The changes, in turn, will lead to a reduction in agricultural productivity, especially in arid zones, water resources depletion, a dramatic reduction of biodiversity, and a spread of dangerous infectious diseases due to worsening conditions of the existence of a huge hoi polloi of people, especially in the poorest countries and to general regression in human development throughout the XXI century. contention the problem of global warming some researchers declare d that the Industrial Revolution has changed the lives of mankind for the better, but the annual emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases that cause a greenhouse effect, has grown considerably at its very beginning. Billions of stacks of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases accumulate in the thin protective layer of the Earth. Nowadays, the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere are half as much again as before the Industrial Revolution. Discussing the challenges that global warmi

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Facilities Coursework

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Facilities - Coursework Example1.0 mental home With the inception of urbanization and the modern society, there has arisen a looming problem on water and sanitation. This has mostly been attributed to consequences resulting from universe of discourse effects such(prenominal) as downgraded sewerage systems, poorly maintained wetlands just to mention but a few. This gives an evidence of the fact that wastewater and the methods used in its discourse have given lasting challenges to the society. Further, imperative measures have been necessitated by the history pollution abatement measures have had as entails the time factor ever since industrialization, urbanization and similar revolutions were set on stage. At an earlier point in time, sanitation standards fundamentally stipulated for the reduction of pollutions due to emissions emanating from pathogens and organic matter, but of recent times has been the focus on heavy metals and nutrients. another (prenominal) than the modern approaches focusing on metallic compounds and nutrients, equally handy concepts have been proposed accompanied by mature levels of technologies that if effectively put in place, will push wastewater management practices to a newer level. The sewage treatment especially at individual homesteads has employed a variety of wastewater treatment concepts and philosophies among others. All these are aimed at achieving the ultimate goal of addressing current trends of wastewater both at the urban and rural levels. As a response to these strategies, various strategies including legislations have been put in place. A good example of such a legislation includes The European Union Urban Wastewater Directive, 91/271/EEC which states that agglomerations

Capitalism versus Socialism Essay Example for Free

capitalist economy versus Socialism EssayBudget shortfall is entirely one of the many factors that negatively affect the formulation of most of the politics projects in the order of magnitude. Without the sufficient hit up of governance funds, building of infrastructures and other organism goods would be delayed or beneathprovided. As we can remember, in that location ar some goods and serve that can only be provided economicly if the presidential term is the one who turn in it instead of the secret firms to cherish the rights and welf ar of the consumer group. If there exist under provision of these public goods, the societal upbeat would negatively be affected.In this regard, there is a question on whether what should prevail in our economy, capitalism or socialist economy? One may say that this debate between capitalism and socialism is already a cliche, besides we cannot set aside the arguments and take aims of each side which could give us go on us in un derstanding what is happening in the real world. Let me discuss first capitalism. Capitalism promotes the concentration of the establishment in the provision of bail in the society and not to intervene in the business world.Some capitalists say that, with the intervention of the presidency, person who wants to establish a business enterprise is universe deprive collectible to the policies that are organism implemented by the government. For instance, legal monopoly that was given by the government to some companies hinders other pile from starting their own water/electric company. This failure of other people to start their own utility business, as capitalists believe, is a violation to their freedom. Socialism, on the other hand, is extremely the diametric of the capitalists thinking.Here, government intervention is very(prenominal) much welcome and the society is recognizing the ability of the government to economicly care companies and to equally distribute whatever th e goods or service that they produce to their citizens. One good example to this is the provision of government of medical services and fosterage. Since not all individuals can afford the costs of schooling provided by private firms, what the government does is they establish public schools charging at a minimum amount.As for the medical services, the government establishes public hospitals and clinics that would provide its citizens cheaper medical services and medicines for little capable people. With this, the basic right of human, to have education and access to medical services, is being fulfilled by the government. The reason why government provides efficient goods and services is due to the fact that they are providing the said goods and services at a reasonable price unalike private firms, especially monopolists, that charges above what is socially acceptable price.Now, based from the points of these two ideologies, therefore, it depends on the situation if whether a certa in government intervention is good to the society. If the government interferes in the market in order to protect the benefit of its citizens, then, there is no room for capitalists to say that they are being deprived by the government to put their own business. In addition to that, establishing another utility business, like electric company, would be very costly due to the high fixed costs that they must face.This is the reason why it would be efficient if only one would continue monopolize the production of electricity in the country. In this regard, if there would be an under provision of public goods like education, electricity, medical services and security due to cypher deficit of the government societal welfare would surely be greatly devastated. More people would be deprived with their basic human rights and might suffer to private firms abusing reason.Only during instances wherein the private firms abuses their power and charge high to their customer by providing inelas tic goods the government initiate actions to regulate the situation. Good political economy versus Good Politics One could say that an act promotes good economic science if it aims for the maximization of the satisfaction of the society or market (Sharma, 2007). On the other hand, one could say that an act promotes good politics if it is O.K. up by a good policy for the welfare of the majority. Most of the analysts say that good economics leads to good politics and vice versa. Others believe that its the other way around.The point of the latter is that, qualification policies that promotes the no person-to-person interest would lead to good economics since promoting the interest of the majority is tantamount to aphorism that they are maximizing the satisfaction of the society or they are after for the optimal level of societal welfare (Gittins, 2004). In order for each of the said ideals to exists, it must ensure the survival of one another. It seems severe for the politicians to set aside their personal political interest for the public interest but it should be make in order to attain what is really best for the economy and for the country.One way to promote the public interest is to littleen the burdens being imposed to the public like- tax (Gruen, 2007). Minimizing the tax rate would require a long battle and endless debate but the thing is, if all of the politicians would set aside their personal interest everything is possible for the government and they could act efficiently for the betterment of the economy. In this regard, there is no point arguing what is the best for the society- good economics or good politics, since one is needed for the earth of the other. undetectable Hand Principle Advocated by ecstasy Smith, invisible hand supports capitalists view. According to Adam Smith, the government must not intervene in the market and focus only on providing security and justice form to the society. They also believe that government lessens th e societal welfare with their imposition of taxes. Taxes just add up to the operational costs of the businesses that in turn being passed to the consumers. In short, the burden of the taxes that are being imposed by the government goes to the end consumers.Adam Smith believes that market systems has its own mechanism to furbish up itself and move back again towards the equilibrium check up on even without the intervention of the government. By satisfying the inconsiderate motives of producers and consumers, they are unconsciously helping each other. Therefore, increasing the taxes rate collection of the government to cover the budget deficit would be an unwise idea since it would only add up to the burden of the consumers or the public. organisation intervention must have the right timing and, as much as possible, impose less burden to the consumers.As what have been cited a while ago, government intervention depends on the situation and the condition between the private firms a nd the consumer group. Government intervention would only be sufficient if it uplifts the welfare of the consumer group with less negative effects on the private firms. But as for the increasing tax rate scenario, it seems that, although unintentionally, the government negatively affects the welfare of the consumer group while leaving the private firms unharmed since they only pass the taxes to the consumers.In this case, it would be better if the government let the invisible hand or the free market system to put back into order the economy. Production Possibilities Curve There are some instances wherein private firms are being restricted in passing the added costs of government intervention to their consumers. Like for instance, the imposition of tariff on importers, tariff is another income generating activities of the government aside from taxation.With the extra expenses of the importers on every unit of goods that they are importing to the country, they can now only afford to buy less of the said trade goods depending on their allotted budget. In this scenario, the business would be producing below its production possibilities curve or PPF. This means that with the existence of higher tariffs on imported goods needed by local industries, the companies could only buy fewer imported raw materials and, therefore, producing fewer snatch of finished products than with the optimal level of production.This situation is treated to be inefficient, but since tariff is a form of income generation of the government, the only thing that the government could do is to find the efficient level of tariff rate wherein businesses could still produce closely to their PPF. With this, the value of the efficiency that is lost from the private firms would be justified and would return to them in a form of infrastructures in a form of roadstead and bridges which could alleviate the efficiency of their operation.In reality, it is pretty hard to produce within the PPF due to the existence of various intervening variables and tariff is one of them. The least thing that businesses could do is to produce closer to their PPF or their optimal level of production based on their capacity and capability. Opportunity Costs With the possibility of under provision of important government services, the government cannot afford to make it happen due to the high probability costs involved in the case. The government might forego the value of the welfare of its citizens in transmute of the improvement of the welfare of the corporations.If the welfare of the corporations and consumer group is to be calculated, the welfare of the consumer group is surely larger than with the welfare of the corporations in the market and in the first place, it is the duty of the government to protect and prioritize the safety and welfare of the majority- citizens of their country. Just imagine the number of students that might stop schooling with the cutting of the budget for education th e number of sick and less capable citizens that only relies on the help of the government for cheaper medical services and/or medicines from public hospitals and clinics.To make the situation worst, the government prioritizes the welfare of Iraqis than with its own citizen. It was aired in the news that the government raised the amount of budget for the peace keeping role of the government to Iraqi people. It is not mentally ill to help other people, but think first about the welfare of your own people sooner the others since that is the right thing to do. The point here is that, the reason why the government suffers to budget deficit is due to their wrong priorities. The government must not set aside the welfare of its citizen since it would bail them higher prospect costs.

The One Scene That Sealed Titanics Fate Essay Example for Free

The One Scene That Sealed bigs mickle EssayTitanic is thought to be unmatched of the most iconic moving-picture shows to ever so hit theaters. check to the claim industry, the film by mob Cameron f e very(prenominal)s into the realm of an epic romance/disaster genre. Released in 1997, Titanic was an international box office sensation, due to the theater director providing pertain importance to hi theme, fiction, and romance. The film is rank in April of 1912, where Jack Dawson played by Leonardo DiCaprio and rise DeWitt Bukater played by Gloria Stuart and Kate Winslet share a extol story that plunder non be broken. The movie as well as gives a historical overview of what happened that dreadful night. This tyroal abstract of the film Titanic provides an overview that the innovative mode of storytelling (flash back and different techniques) can portray both a love story and the historical background while using a dissolve change rule, in which the terminal of one shot gradually merges into the beginning of the next. The effect is produced by superimposing a fade- erupt onto a fade-in of equal length of imposing one scene over another (Petrie and Boggs 160).This edit effect was use at the beginning of the movie, in which at 2103, the wreckage of the Titanic is seamlessly and effortlessly transformed into the beautiful masterpiece of a ship that it once was. This effect is also used when Jack and go up are standing together flying on the edge of the Titanic, later to be transformed back into the ship wreck. This scene brings the earshot back into the present and shocks them back into the harsh reality that the scene was merely a memory from Rose, and no longer the reality (Titanic1997).The editing in Titanic is truly remarkable, bringing the consultation from the future into the past, take aback the audience by showing both starting signal- folk and lower- severalize attempts, and showing not altogether the love story surrounded by Rose and Jack, but the life and death of the Titanic and the two thousand muckle aboard. Through the use of other film techniques such(prenominal)(prenominal) as editing and camera work, congeal design, tomography and color, James Cameron created one of the most influential and moving works of art the film world has seen. The editing air and technique brings red-hot life to the cinematography world, and rejects the norms of modern Hollywood style (Butka). In all film elements, visual effects, cinematography, color palette, editing, sound design, and music, contributes to the film as a whole. Cameron, who has been pushing the boundaries of the Hollywood serious music cinema since The Terminator, finally r distributivelyed a career high point with Titanics synthesis of induce storytelling and dexterous style and technique (Butka)Visual effects, color, imagery, and set design play an alpha role in all forms of movie and television. These elements are the core foundation of t he overall feeling that the audience experiences when watching a particular film. One particular element of film that impacts the story line is the setting of the scenery. Setting may often seem unobtrusive or be taken for granted, it is an essential ingredient in any(prenominal) story and makes an important contribution to the theme of total effect of the film (Petrie and Boggs 82). The setting of a film should be carefully analyzed because of the effects it has on the interrelationships of the reference books, p hole, and overall general feeling that the movie brings kayoed in its audience. In Titanic, the setting plays a major role in the fact that the get-go class citizens were held to a higher standard that the lower class citizens. This set the mood for the rest of the film and sets up the requisition that separates Jack and Rose. The colors also provide a strict divide between the pep pill and lower classes aboard the Titanic. The royalty wore brighter, more vibrant co lors, as well as more audacious materials, whereas the lower class wore much more torn clo topic, all of which were dark and dirty colors. These elements ultimately set the tone for the rest of the movie, and would be a constant struggle for Rose and Jack to keep their vex strong. James Cameron put an emphasis on the difference between these classes in order to give the audience the sense of segregation.James Cameron is a critically acclaimed film director kn witness for some of the biggest box-office hits of all succession. A science-fiction fan as a child, Cameron went on to produce and direct films including The Terminator, Aliens and Avatar. He has received numerous honorary society Awards and nominations for his often large- cuticle, expensive performances (Biography Editors). His most noted work, 1997s Titanic, became the first film to earn more than $1 billion and landed 14 Academy Award nominations. Cameron took home three Oscars himself for the project outmatch Directo r, Best Film Editing and Best Picture (Biography Editors). To re-create one of the greatest disasters at sea in history, James Cameron had a special studio built in Mexico, which featured a 17-million-gal wet armored combat vehicle and the 775-foot replica of the Titanic, this proved to help the film be a successful blockbuster hit (Biography Editors). James Camerons techniques used in Titanic became immensely popular as the film became popular. Camerons own documentary urge was so intense, that he created new diving and photographic equipment at an extraordinary write off for his studio to achieve textural authenticity by recording and presenting the eighty-five-year-old wreck of his subject. The film, then, like so many other fictional films, says the ultimate compliment to the documentary form Cameron uses the real thing to inform his reel thing (Petrie and Boggs 468).The main purpose behind editing a film is to keep the film in unvarying motion, regardless if the sequence periods switch rapidly, much like in Titanic, where Rose goes from being a seventeen year old girl, to a one-hundred year old woman developing the history of the Titanic as she remembers it. The editing techniques that were used were ultimately used to shock the audience finished sudden, jarring thin outs between the third- and first-class, which ready the antithesis between the classes and accentuate the conflicts. Some of the examples include the cut between the steer get berthing space when Jack and Fabrizio (Danny Nucci) first arrive on the ship and Cals private promenade aggrandize the cut between Rose and Jack dancing in the steerage party scene and the first-class smoking lounge (which is such an abrupt change of atmosphere and energy that it comes as quite a cinematic shock to the viewers) the cut between the flooding in the steerage with rats on the run and the propriety of a first-class corridor that does not even hint at the impending tragedy (Butka). Throughout the movie, the film consists of scenes mainly from the Jack and Rose era, however in the beginning of the film, the director made use of flashback technique to unearth the romantic story of the lovers in the film. To be specific, the plot moves from present condition (say, 1996) to past (say, 1912) and to present (1996). In the opening scene, the director portrays the effort of Brock Lovett (say, a treasure hunter) to unearth the secret behind a necklace sunk with RMS Titanic in 1912. Gradually, the director portrays the love affair between Rose and Jack. In the end, Rose drops the necklace into the Ocean and returns. The film ends with a fictional reunion between the lovers. Dissolves are very important to the film, particularly those between different time periods, and even fades are used occasionally to mark important points in the film (e.g., when Rose finishes her story) (Butka)Cameron also uses establishing shots regularly, thus preserving a locale orientation for the viewers not only do we al sorts get laid exactly where we are, but these establishing shots also help us grasp the ships enormous dimensions (Butka). blush in the period section of the film, there is a separation between two distinct photographic styles In the first part, the camerawork is rather polite, graceful and even eloquent. Carpenter was trying to reinforce the opulence and beauty of the time with lighting, (Butka). This eloquent style gives a feeling of tranquility and perfection to the first class shipmates, providing deep segregation to the boat, thus bringing about the conflict of Jack and Roses love. This camera and editing style let the audience feel the same way that the characters were feeling, eloquent and fashionable. When looking at the color of the first class section of the boat, there is also use of amber, a color Cameron has not used forwards in addition, the first-class sections of the ship are even more colorful, which is undeniably helped by the exquisite costuming (Butka). In the second part of the film, the camera work and editing becomes much more violent and choppy, showing the struggle the passengers endured as the ship hit the iceberg and ultimately began to sink. The camerawork quickly loses that polite edge and segues into this very kinetic, sometimes violent movement. Its jarring and bumpy, which suggests the panic of the situation. This is a point that Cameron, Carpenter, and Muro worked on together later in the film, initial smooth and refined camera movements transform into less elegant and more nervous. Theres a lot more handheld work and Steadicam, and its rough (Butka).The overall production of the Titanic came at quite a cost but was a tremendous success, to say the least. Titanics production was a famously difficult and complex one, a shoot on an near unprecedented scale which featured tough technical challenges and which was overseen by a director who knew exactly what he pauperismed and who demanded the farthest from eve ryone until he got it, but it was a tough journey to get there (Braund). Production of the film began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the real wreck of the RMS Titanic. He envisioned the love story as a office to engage the audience with the real-life tragedy. A shooting took place on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh which aided Cameron in record the real wreck for the modern scenes, and a reconstruction of the ship was built at Playas de Rosarito, Baja California. Cameron also used scale models and computer-generated imagery to recreate the sinking. At the time, the picture became the most expensive film ever made, costing approximately US$200 million with funding from Paramount Pictures and 20th Century project (Butka). Principal photography for Titanic began in July 1996 at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. In September 1996, the production moved to the new built Fox Baja Studios in Rosarito, Mexico, where a full-scale RMS Titanic had been constructed (Marsh).Special effects played an important role in how the movie filmed. Many critics were skeptical about how Cameron would portray such a disgraceful scene, including the deaths of all of the populate aboard the ship. Cameron then went on to say that the race were all computer graphics. The way we did it was, we had people act out all of those individual behaviors in what we call a motion hoodwink environment. So, a steward pouring tea for a lady seated on a deck chair that was all acted out and then that motion file was used to drive and animate those figures. The end result is like you said We pull back down the full length of Titanic, and you see 350 people all over the decks, doing all those different things. The same technique was used for the sinking when you see hundreds of people on the ship jumping off or rolling down the decks (Ebert).Cameron also did not want to cut corners in regards to the props and sets used. In addition to the life-size model of the Titanic, Cameron also had constru ction crews build two huge water tanks. One was 90 foot deep and over 800 foot entire in which the model could slowly sink into 17 million gallons of water fed directly from the peace-loving Ocean. The second tank was 30 foot deep. It contained 5 million gallons of water and housed the elegant first class dining saloon and the three story Grand staircase (Titanic and Co).One of the most impressive upcountry sets was the recreation of the famed Grand Staircase the most famous room Titanic contained. Additionally, the Staircase, as mentioned by one of the film crew psychenel, ended up acting almost as a character in the film, due to it being the location of several pivotal scenes, including the ending scene. Interestingly, the staircase presented in the film is slightly larger than the one on the real ship. The reason for this was because people in 1912 were shorter than they are today. As a result, the staircase was scaled up to make the actors look smaller (IMDB). For the exter ior shots of the ship sinking, the almost full-scale ship was placed in a 3 foot deep, 17 million gallon tank and tilted using a crane. For the interior shots of the sinking ship, the sets were enclosed in a 5 million gallon tank and again tilted in the water using a crane. This was the method used for the Grand Staircase. However, to make the destruction of the Grand Staircase more dramatic, Cameron and his team dropped 90,000 gallons of water onto it. Because the Staircase would be destroyed, there would be only one attempt to get it right. Unexpectedly, the massive volume of water ripped the Staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, collapsing certain sections of it (IMDB). This destruction of the stair case was relatively dramatic and saddening to the characters and audience because it had become such a vital work of art in the movie. These stairs were much more than just stairs they were the place in which Jack fell in love with Rose, the place Rose and Jack embraced in their final kiss in the final scene a true masterpiece that had become one of the characters, gone in an instant.Roger Ebert became film critic of the Chicago Sun-Times in 1967. He is the only film critic with a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame and was named honorary life member of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Screenwriters Guild, and honorary degrees from the American Film Institute and the University of Colorado at Boulder (Ebert). He then went on to interview James Cameron on his success and struggles with the making of the Titanic. The footage of the recessed ship was mainly real footage of the actual sunken Titanic. James Cameron believed that in order for the movie to stir a more authentic feel, that he should take actual film himself with his own camera. Cameron wasnt kernel to buy footage from documentaries about the search for the Titanic he shot the films undersea footage himself, new for this film Its all our own. I made th e dives and operated the camera and we lit it and everything (Ebert) Cameron then went on to explain the struggles that appeared when creating the interior of the Titanic. Its consistent with what Titanic looks like Cameron mentioned. We couldnt explore the whole interior of the ship. We could only get a glimpse into some areas. We went down some corridors to the D-deck train and saw a lot of the remaining hand-carved woodwork, the wall-paneling, and the beautiful ornate carved doors. A lot of it is still there. Its very, very cold, which helps wield things. There are marine organisms that will eat wood, but in certain areas the wood was cover with white-leaded paint that protected Titanic (Ebert).As morbid as it sounds, it was important to display the fear and torturing on the faces of the people trapped on and inside the sinking vessel. Even though this was a Romeo and Juliet pillow slip of love story, the overwhelming message was to portray the absolute disaster the Titanic w as and to show the terror on the faces of those involved. Cameron goes on to say that many died in terror, you know, when you look at the numbers, if you were a third class staminate on Titanic you stood a 1-in-10 chance of survival. If you were a first class female, it was virtually a light speed percent survival rate. It broke down along lines of gender and class. If you were a first-class male, you stood about a 50-50 chance of survival. And the crew took it to a great extentest. Of the 1,500 who died, 600 or 700 of them were crew members. The people who stayed in the dynamo room and the engine room, to keep the lights on so that the evacuation would not become panicked who stayed till the end and missed their opportunity to escape the ship thats something youd see less of today (Ebert). This just goes to show that Cameron felt very passionate about the way he needed to portray this type of despair in his movie, and in order to do that he needed have the film crew work extr emely hard in order to portray that same anguish.That was our most dangerous work, Cameron said. The stunt team worked for workweeks in advance, videotaping each one of those stunts and rehearsing it and showing me the tapes. It was all intensely pre-planned and the set was made about 50 percent out of rubber at that point, all padded up. But theres always an X-factor. We had 6,000 stunt person days on this film the equivalent of one man doing stunts seven days a week for 16 years. But it was all happening at once. We did have a guy break his leg, which I hated. I dont think anybody should get hurt for a film. So I refractory to do more of it with computer graphics (Ebert). This made it more apparent that special effects had to be made more in order to keep the cast and crew safe. Therefore, the scene in which the Titanic is actually sinking was almost entirely CGI when the camera was sweeping over the boat in a birds eye view.Cameron goes on to talk about the importance of human nature and how the story of Titanic is iconic not because of the class struggles, but once tragedy strikes, we are all on the same level fighting for survival. Cameron goes on to state that the great lesson of Titanic for us, going into the 21st century, he said, is that the inconceivable can happen. Those people lived in a time of certainty they felt they had know everything mastered nature and mastered themselves. But they had mastered neither. A thousand years from now Titanic will still be one of the great stories. Certainly, there have been greater human tragedies during this century, but theres something poetically perfect about Titanic, because of the laying low of the wealthy and the beautiful people who thought life would be infinite and perfect for them. What would you have done? Anyone seeing this movie, I said, will have to ask them this scruple Would I have fought to get on a lifeboat? Would I have pushed a woman or a child out of the way? Or would I have sat down in the lounge and called for a brandy, like Guggenheim, and faced the inevitable with grace (Ebert)?In conclusion, Titanic taught the general existence that the human race is not invincible and that nature does not care whether you are rich or poor, perfect or imperfect, or nothing at all. Through the masterful works of camera angles, visual imagery, editing, and specific scenery, director and writer James Cameron was able to recreate the tragedy of the unsinkable Titanic through the camera lens. Cameron was able to display the struggles of love, life, death, and historical understanding through the eyes of Jack and Rose, and through the supernatural of filmmaking, teach an incredible lesson that will live on through eternity.

Regular basis Essay Example for Free

Regular basis EssayThe new four day exercise run awayweek is causing frenzy in the corporate world as to a greater extent employees are writing proposals for a compressed work week. The advantages of this short, long-hour work week is the security of a full-time income in a fewer days of the week. Professionals with families and other social responsibilities are finding these advantages a great way to add to a greater extent fulfilling events in their lives.The advancement of technology has allowed many professionals to remain home to complete majority of their assignments while trim their commute to work on a regular basis. The advantage of a short week too gives professionals an probability to recuperate every other day instead of prolonged work hours as a regular 40-hour week. With these great opportunities comes more responsibilities including increased workload in less days, increased hours per work day, and childcare expenses to cover additional work hours in the fo ur day week.The increased workload comes from the additional hours added into one work day versus the consistent 8-hour day many professionals work now. In reality, todays professionals work approximately 50-60 hours a week anyway. A compressed work week could turn into 13-14 hour work days if they are not careful. The prolonged working schedules can increase the employees likeliness of high-stress, burnout, and wear from constant demands. Some professionals feel these advantages outweigh the disadvantages of the four day week.The impact of this opportunity affects the professional more than anyone. Employers must think of the workloads they are offering their employees, but the responsibilities to make those decisions are primarily up to the professional. The call for of freedom and consistency means there is a price to pay for the work completed by many professionals. Professionals driven by the four day work week could offer employers an opportunity to recuperate from a rigoro us schedule too.

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Example for Free

The Just Versus Unjust sample atomic number 1 David Thoreau, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Sophocles were trinity men who tried to show the world that unsportsmanlike laws hurt every of society, and all three tried what they thought would be the remedy to such injustice. King even gave his life to the take a shit of overcoming unjust laws. I feel that all of them made good points and should be remembered for their great works, besides I think that Antigone by Sophocles is the most effective because she actually gives her life for the cause that she feels is unjust. From the start of the play, Antigone states that she bequeath get out young.Leave me and my ill counsel to endureThis dreadful doom. I shall non suffer aughtSo evil as a death dishonourable. (Sophocles Ll. 109-111)Antigones br early(a), Polynices , has been killed while at war with his brother for the unequivocal power of Thebes. Creon, Antigones uncle and now the king of Thebes, has revised that Polynices c annot guide a burial, unlike his brother, Eteocles. His body must lie out in the open where the birds and the elements take a toll on his remains, and anyone who tries to burry him go away be stoned. Antigone is distraught, not only because of her brothers death, but by this dis goodish deed decree which is now law. Therefore she shafts from the start that she will receive the ultimate punishment for what she knows that she has to do. As Antigone explained to her sister, Ismene, while move to convince her that she should also help with the burial, she must answer to higher powers than the king. This is much like Dr. Martin Luther Kings philosophy.But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth ascorbic acid B.C. unexpended their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel truth of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I. compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid. (King) Antigone and King suffered from injustices bestowed on them by birth. Antigone was the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, who were not only man and wife, but make and son. She was cursed at birth for the atrocity of her p arents sin. King was born an African American during the time when prejudice was at the heart of the moral fiber in southern America. They could not pretermit their trials. Henry David Thoreau was born into privilege. The few sufferings he endured were self imposed. That does not mean that he was less of an honorable man. He did choose to stand up for the injustice he saw in the laws of the land.He had neer been a slave, and yet he went to jail because he refused to pay taxes to a government that would uphold the dreaded institution of slavery. Like Antigone, he made a cons cious decision to break the law that he knew in his heart to be unjust. If others pay the tax which is demanded of me, from a sympathy with the State, they do but what they arrest already through in their own case, or rather they abet injustice to a great extent than the State requires. If they pay the tax from a mistaken interest in the individual taxed, to retain his property, or prevent his going to jail, it is because they have not considered wisely how far they let their private feelings intervene with the public good. (Thoreau) Antigone, despite the order from her king, uncle, and future father-in-law, decides to give her brother an honorable burial even though her Ismene has declined to help her and to obey the law. When it is discovered by Creon who the culprit of this detestation is, she willingly admits to what she has done as do King and Thoreau when they are charged for their unjust crimes. The major difference is that Antigone will face certain death. She sees this as an act of love. There is no baseness in the act which shows our reverence for our kindred.(Ll. 564-5)King was martyred for his beliefs, however, he did not know with certainty that would be the outcome. Thoreau knew that jail was inevitable, but death was never an issue. Creon, after a take the field with his son, decides not to stone Antigone, but to entomb her alive so that she will suffer a vague death. This sentence is unjust because she only buried her brother. Creon does not see it as only a burial, but as a treasonous act because she has broken his law. With all societies, the reason for the punishment of a crime is not for justice, but to make an ensample of the condemned and to strike fear in all who would seek to hold fast that same course.Antigone willingly takes her punishment. She is adamant that her sister, Ismene, will not suffer the same fate as Creon has declared, not because she is concerned for Ismenes well being, but she feels that Ismene does not deserve to die a martyrs death since she did not help Antigone in the burial. Creon decides to spare Ismene, and Antigone readily accepts her fate. When the soothsayer of Thebes, warns Creon of the wrath from the gods that he will bring down on Thebes, he refuses to listen, and instead curses the old man. He truly does not necessitate to hear that he might not be in the right. Many times in instantlys society leaders are the same way. They would rather go down and take a country down with them than admit that they were wrong.Creon, out of fear, orders that Antigone be released. The sentry return only to tell him that Antigone has killed herself by hanging and that Haemon was also in the tomb mourning her. Creon goes to the tomb himself and finds Haemon wailing about Antigones death. He strikes at his father, but misses. Then he turns the sword on himself and takes his own life. Eurydice, Creons wife and Haemons mother, hears of her sons suicide and stabs herself. Creon is then told of hi s wifes suicide and her body is brought before him. He is so grief stricken that he prays for death.Woe woe alasI shudder in my fear Will no one strike1496A deadly blow with sharp two-edgd sword?Fearful my fate, alasAnd with a fearful woe full sore beset. (Ll. 1495-99)There are two major themes in Antigone as well as several minor ones. One of the themes is that when an unjust law is permitted to exist, there are tragic results for all of the citizens of that society. Many will pay the price for the atrocity. Millions of slaves compensable the price of slavery while thousands paid the ultimate price for civil rights in the nineteen sixties. The other major theme is that it takes a brave soul to turn around the injustices of the law. Antigone paid for the wrong done to her brother, but she also brought forth the sympathy of the citizens of Thebes.This gave them courage in the face of adversity. Thoreau had only a few followers when he introduced the intellect of civil disobedience but it has survived the test of time. Since it was first published, numerous individuals and groups have looked to his teaching as an example of making their voice heard. Of course Kings work brought the idea for civil rights for all people to the forefront. The freedoms that all Americans hold dear today are possible in part because of his actions.Lead me, then, forth,1524vain shadow that I am,Who slew thee, O my son, unwittingly,And thee, too(O my sorrow)and I know notWhich way to look. All near at hand is turned1528Aside to evil and upon my directThere falls a doom far worse than I can bear.(Ll. 1524-30) All three men, Thoreau, King, and Sophocles left their mark on the world when it came to resistance to unjust laws of society. Over time they have invigorate many to do the same. Sometimes these ideas have been met with success, and other times they have been unsuccessful. However, when a life is bemused for a cause, the results are eternal and it is hard for the martyr to be forgotten. That is why Antigone is the most effective example as the response to the unjust law.Works CitedKing, Martin Luther, Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail. April 16, 1963, Nobel Prizes. June 7,2007, http//www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.htmlSophocles. Antigone. 1909-14. Bartleby Harvard Classics. June 7, 2007,http//www.bartleby.com/8/6/1.htmlThoreau, Henry David. Civil Disobedience. 1849, The Art Bin Origo. June 7, 2007,http//art-bin.com/art/odisob.html

Effects of Methamphetamine on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To Addiction Essay Example for Free

Effects of icing on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To Addiction EssayEffects of crosspatch on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To AddictionIntroductionPart A What effects does the over dep obliterateency to churl ca affectionate function to the human body. Are there any cases that soak up been reported to present this and if yes which ones argon they? water ice is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that is a bitter tasting etiolated quartzline powder devoid of smell. In street language it is popularly know as ice, chalk, crystal or meth with high solubility in water and alcohol reservation it an easy laughingstock for packaging into various forms. scum affects the primal nervous system and once it is in the body system, it creates a defraud and intense rush and users start experiencing a sense of gaind activity, decreased appetite, and self-coloured feelings of well being, high energy levels and sense of to a greater extent power with the feeling lasting from a flow rate of 20 minutes to 12 hours. When the effects start to where off, the user is left with a feeling of feed helplessness and depression this effects leads to the user having a high craving for the drug to maintain the estate of euphoria. This craving for a sense of well being, hyper activity sense of power is what leads to addiction. Addiction to methamphetamine has to a large extent been classified as a moral spot by the public part to medical practitioners it has also gained weight as a medical issue. Methamphetamine causes development of location effects which be change magnitude activity, euphoria and decreased appetite with methamphetamine being more potent because it passes with with(predicate) the blood brain barrier and enters the brain cells. The effects are more long lasting making it more dangerous on the central nervous system. It has been reported to have effects lasting as long as eight hours. This inquiry will focus mostly on the scientific enquiry that has been carried out on methamphetamine addiction, its side effects and how it causes them and any remedies.Part B By the end of this learning process, the by-line objectives should be met.Reasons that lead to use of methamphetamine should be clearly understood.The various side effects should be well outlined and possible causes explained.Mechanisms involved and leading to methamphetamine addiction should be comprehended. Medically methamphetamine was developed for the treatment of nasal blockages and clearance of bronchioles in the lungs. Lately it has been apply in low dosages for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and also in weight loss programmes but in a controlled manner and prescriptions is usually not refilled. Effects of methamphetamine vary and they mostly numerate on the dosage type. For small doses, the drug causes stron g and quick addiction, neediness of sleep, increased blood pressure, pulses and airing with decreased reaction times. This effects leads to a desire for more and in large doses, it causes convulsions, overheating of the body, and in more severe cases stroke and even heart attacks. The side effects are grouped into the following major categories (Methamphetamine in Jefferson County, 2008 p 3). carnal effects The most noticeable are muscle weakness, tremors and seizures dental decay, weight loss, anorexia, coughing, dry mouth , facial aging, brain damage kidney, heart and liver damage, skin sores and transmission system and also increased risk of stroke.Cognitive effects This effects lead to decreased ability to love and recall words and pictures, make inferences manipulate information, learn from experience and users have the tendency to ignore contrary informationPsychological effects These effects are classified into two depending on the duration for short endp oint effects users experience increased sense of euphoria, high confidence and increased alertness. The users become more talkative, they are not bored easily and have an increased sex drive. increase confidence Increased alertness Increased good mood Increased. Long term effects include increased aggression, lack of sleep they become over anxious and are conf utilise most of the time. Meth users become moody and they develop psychotic behaviours characterized by false delusions, they become paranoid and become suicidal. When ingested by pregnant women, the methamphetamine dissolves in the blood stream and is able to pass through to the fetus. The effects on the unborn children are diverse and so serious since they affect the normal development of the child. The most common effects are premature child pedigree and low birth rates for long time users, low birth weight since the mother does not eat enough food repayable to poor appetite and in most severe cases brain dam age. Nutritionally, the baby is disadvantaged since the mother does not care a flock apart from craving for the next fix.Mechanisms leading to methamphetamine addiction Addiction to methamphetamine is caused by the drugs pharmacology mainly how it is ingested, absorbed in the body, broken in the body and excreted (Otero et al., 2006 p. 4). The pharmacology of the drug is quite a complex process which involves the peripheral and central nervous actions. The drug belongs to the group of drugs known as amphetamines with a building closely related to that of epinephrine norepinephrine and dopamine (Kish, 2008 p. 2). Due to its structure which is close to that endogenous neurotransmitters the drug is classified as a sympathomimetic drug and as such it interacts with sympathetic receptors of the central nervous system. Specifically, methamphetamine interacts with pre-synaptic receptors and induces effects by competitive antagonisms. There are different modes of methamp hetamine usage and they determine how long the effects take to kick in and also increase the chances and easiness of addiction. When ingested the effects may take up to twenty minutes to be effected succession I snorting the effects set in much quicker as fast as five minutes. The two routes of usage are not so much addictive. Highest rates of addiction have been reported when the route of intake was intravenous injection and lung inhalation through smoking. These last two routes enhance risk of addiction since the drug is absorbed more rapidly in the brain.Effect on the central nervous system The amphetamines potent central nervous system appear as a firmness of purpose of the release of biogenic amines from the nerve terminals. This enhanced release of norepinephrine results in the anorexia effect of amphetamine and unitedly with release of dopamine it creates a feeling of euphoria. When higher levels of dopamine are released to the mesolimbic system, it results in increa sed levels of serotonin which is responsible for mental disturbances and the psychotic behaviours. When the high dose of reaches the brain, it leads to a decrease in the levels of dopamine and serotonin and this is achieved through the activity reduction of the enzymes used in their synthesis mainly tyrosine dehydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase respectively.The following shelve shows a list of websites that were visited for the purpose of this researchTitle of report Website Retrival dateMedication and behavioral treatments (2004) www.psattc.org11-11-2014Children at clandestine methamphetamine labs Helping meths youngestVictims(2006) www.ojp.usdoj.gov10-11-2014NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletin Methamphetamine (n.d.). www.drug yell.gov10-11-2014Methamphetamine Drug Facts 2005 www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov11-11-2014Parenting Children Who Have Been Exposed to Methamphetamine (n.d) www.orparc.org10-11-2014The sites used for this study are from various government activity dep artments, and organizations that carry out various health and substances mistreat researches. From the websites, they end with either gov. or org. meaning they are reputable websites. Hence, the information obtained from these websites is also reliable and thus they were considered for this paper. In addition, the sources have evidenced based reports where numeric or qualitative research were used to write the reports thus making the data included in this paper very reliable and viable.Part CData from various website sources on methamphetamine and journals print online was used to come up with this report.Table show the various side effects for methamphetamine usersPhysical effects Cognitive side effects Short term psychological effects Long term psychological effectsWeight loss Failure to recall pictures Increased good mood peevishness disordersKidney and heart damage Failure to learn from experience Increased alertness Lack of sleep and increased anxiousnessIncreased risk of stroke Decreased ability to make inferences Increased talkativeness mix-up and aggressionSkin sores and infections Decreased ability to manipulate information Increased confidence Increases psychotic behaviourTooth decay Increased sex drive Hallucinations and increased suicidal tendenciesIncreased transmission of HIV due to sharing injecting needles Table showing usage of methamphetamine in terms of age (a 2003 survey on methamphetamine users among college going children and non-college attending children obtained from NSDH, 2005).Ages/ grades apply at least once Used in the recent year Used in the last 30 daysCollege students 5.8% 2.6% 0.6%Young adults(19-28) 8.9% 2.7% 0.7%Table showing use of methamphetamine in USA (NSDH, 2005 n.p)Used at least once Used in the other(prenominal) year Used in the last 30 days12+ YEARS 4.9% 0.6% 0.2%Table showing use of methamphetamine in school going children (NSDH, 2005 n.p)Grade Used at least once) Used in the past year Used in the last 30 da ys8th 2.5% 1.5% 0.6%tenth 5.3% 3.0% 1.3%12th 6.2% 3.4% 1.4%Part D Comprehensive data obtained from various government and non-governmental websites, show that methamphetamine abuse cuts across all ages and social classes with the high-risk groups being people with low self-esteem, social pressure such as weight loss to gain an athletic or modeling body, depression, and those traumatised. While continued abuse leads to addiction, amount and ingestion routes are also determinants with smoking and injection contributing greatly to addiction. Though used medically for nasal and bronchial blockages, its abuse is the main concern due to the resulting side effects and the redress it causes.Journal Methamphetamine side effects are as a result of it passing through the brain blood barrier into the brain cells, where its main action is to decrease extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, via engaged with their reuptake and promoting their release at the nerve endings (Fleckenstein, et al., 2007 p. 687). Dependency on methamphetamine is a serious issue with major medical, psychiatric and social economic impacts in the society (Lapworth, et al., 2009 p. 383). Withdrawal from methamphetamine also results in impaired social functioning, fatigue and aggressiveness and more craving for the drug. This menace affects most people and users should not be alienated but helped to overcome the vice by taking them to rehabilitation centres. While it has been used medically to solve medical conditions such as nasal and bronchial blockages, it misuse is the main problem. Methamphetamine abuse cuts across all ages and social classes with the main contributing factors being low self-esteem, peer pressure, social pressure, depressions and even people suffering from traumas. The resulting side effects vary from person to person but protracted abuse results to both physical defects such as tooth decay, weak limbs due to poor appetite, damages of vari ety meat especially the heart, kidney and liver and also psychological effects. The psychological effects are usually aggressive behaviors which endangers their lives and of those nigh them and psychotic behaviors which leads them in committing suicide.ReferencesFleckenstein A., E., Volz, T., J., Riddle, E., L., Gibb, J., W., and Hanson, G., R. 2007. New insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines. Journal of Annual Review in materia medica and Toxicology. 47 681698.Kish, S., J. 2008.Pharmacologic mechanisms of crystal Methamphetamine. Journal of Canadian Medical Association, 178 (13)1679-1682.Lapworth, K., Dawe, S., Davis, P., Kavanagh, D., Young, R., Saunders, J. 2009. Impulsivity and positive psychotic symptoms influence hostility in methamphetamine users. Journal of Addictive Behaviours ,34 380385Methamphetamine in Jefferson County. 2008. Methamphetamine in Jefferson County. Understanding the Impact of Methamphetamine Abuse Issue Paper and RecommendationsNIDA Communi ty Drug Alert Bulletin. n.d. Methamphetamine. www.drugabuse.gov.Office of National Drug make Policy. 2005. Methamphetamine. www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov.Otero, C., Boles, S., Young, N. K., Dennis, K., 2006. Methamphetamine Addiction, Treatment, and Outcomes Implications for Child Welfare Workers. Substance Abuse and Mental wellness Services Administration sum of money for Substance Abuse TreatmentSubstance abuse department. 2008. National Survey of Drug Use and Health National Findings. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.US Department of Justice. 2004. Children at cloak-and-dagger Methamphetamine Laboratories. www.ojp.usdoj.gov.Source document

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States Essay Example for Free

Role of religious belief in Centralization of Nation States EssayReligion was a major factor in the centralization of territories into modern soil states. Religion was crucial in the development of the modern landed estate state because of its tycoon to be a unifying characteristic. Religion in like manner dod joint enemies which allowed groups with different religious views separate into idiosyncratic states that be far more likely to have a more centralise government or monarch. While religious belief acted as a catalyst in the development of the modern nation state, piety hindered and tore apart developing nation states. Religion played both the role of an asset and a liability in the case of centralization during the age of the reformation.Religion was successful in creating a common characteristic, by which people categorized themselves. For example, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile reformed Spain by requiring all citizens to be Catholic. This would al low them to have fall in control and a shared attribute with the citizens of Spain, which would allow for a more centralized territory that would pop off a nation state. Also during this time period the Calvinists in the Holy romish Empire scene of action controlled by Philip II were being persecuted for their pietism. The common religion in these Dutch provinces allowed for them to form together and arrive at a centralized territory which eventually would become the Dutch Netherlands. German principalities also used their religion as a common characteristic to hold themselves together. When Martin Luther told the German Princes to separate from the Pope and Holy papist Empire, they unified under Lutheranism which led to the development of that nation state.While religion was used as a common characteristic, religion was also used to unify groups of people by creating common enemies. For example, William of Orange (William I) centralized the Dutch Provinces, who were primaril y Calvinists, against the Holy Roman Empire who was trying to force them to become Catholic. Ferdinand II also tried to use religion to create a common enemy within the Holy Roman Empire, he did this through the Edict of Restitution.The Edict of Restitution made Calvinists the enemy and unified the Catholics against them and temporarily change integrity the Holy Roman Empire as a nation state. Another example of religion creating a common enemy was when Henry VIII created Anglicanism which was against the Pope. Thisnegative disposition towards the Pope strengthened England and allowed the monarch of England to create a more centralized territory, which led to the development of the modern nation state that is England.While religion was good as bringing nation states together and solidifying them, it also slowed and destroyed developing nation states. For example, the religious diversity that occurred within the Holy Roman Empire led to differences in religion and religious order b reaking apart until there was no more Holy Roman Empire. Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) saw this occupation when he became the King of France and witnessed the religious wars in France between the French Huguenots and Ultra-Catholics.This slowed the development of France as a nation state, this is because religion was placed ahead of the state. Another example of religion dividing developing nation states was when Philip II act to oppress the Calvinists in the Dutch provinces with the Spanish Inquisition. This difference in religion led to the Dutch sicken and caused the territory to be separated.Religion was critical in the development and disestablishment of the modern nation state. Religion provided a common characteristic from which a nation state could develop it also created a characteristic by which a nation state could divide. However, in a majority of the cases the separation was necessary and led to the establishment of multiple independent nation states. Religion was both a centripetal and centrifugal force. Religion created created a common characteristic and enemy, which aided the development of the modern nation state, as well as a difference that was a major factor in the disestablishment of developing modern nation states during the age of the reformation.

Aspects of individuals Essay Example for Free

Aspects of individuals EssayThe study of the aspects of individuals who break chairpersons is a rich field with many different perspectives. Scholars utilize many different concomitantors in determine two basic ideas about the government. Those ideas are the characteristics needed to become the professorship and the characteristics needed to do a effective job being chairman. superstar of the perspectives of presidential research is the psychological perspective. Using this perspective, scholars claim to be open to identify some characteristics of successful presidents. There are many severeies attached to this c at a timept. The first is that, from a psychological perspective, the sample pool is extremely sm all told, a nonher is the ambiguity attached to the notion of applying soulality traits to person based on their entire lives, and the final difficulty is in evaluating the presidency in terms of success. In trying to determine what nature traits are most amenab le to becoming president, scholars are limited by the simple fact that there conduct only been 44 presidents, and of those, only 43 were ever choose (President Ford was an appointee to Replace Nixon).Also, when examining personality traits of a pool of individuals, it is important to control for factors other than personality that may be contri besidesing factors. This further limits scholars because all presidents to date have been male, all but unmatched have been white, n one have served or been elected below the age of 42, and nearly all of them came from interior socioeconomic circumstances. As all of these demographic elements can have significant impact on personality, it is difficult to associate personality alone with any commonalities noted in this group.A second difficulty in assessing personality as a function of presidential success lies in the study of personality itself. In the field of psychology there are dozens of tests, mea convinced(predicate)s, and categorie s that can be apply to type an individual. One of the problems with these measures is that they rely, at least in part, on self-reporting. Thus, for any president who has never participated in much(prenominal) an military rating (most of them), and attribution of traits or categories of personality would be speculation at best.Further complicating the issue is attempting to discern whether a Presidents behavior either in or out of office is consistent sufficient across his life to be considered a personality trait. Scholars have only the reports of the Presidents themselves and their contemporaries to mother that determination. governmental scientists, therefore, cannot have a lot ground to associate personality traits with presidential success. The field of personality study is sufficiently ambiguous that, given the small sample of presidents, nearly any conclusion can be back up by some evidence.In addition, a scholar would run into the question of causation when determinin g the Presidents personality. If, for example, a President is deemed to be decisive based on their conduct in office, the question would remain as to whether that trait was a result of being President when many critical decisions had to be made, or whether the President was always decisive. Even if scholars could quantify personality traits on a consistent basis, presidential carrying into action is counterbalance more difficult to quantify. A President may be judged a success or unsuccessful person on any one of a number of categories.Even the Presidents career path offers differing notions of success. One component of presidential success is the ability to be elected or re-elected. A second is their performance temporary hookup in office. A third might be their conduct and life after the presidency. Scholars have picked and elect the criteria for a successful president, but those choices are bountifully self-fulfilling, and often, beyond the control of the Presidents. Presi dential performance is predicated on the historical context more so than any other job.A President who was, for example, very orthodox fiscally could gain the reputation as a good President when economic times are flush (as with Coolidge in the 1920s) and a President with the same ideals and personality could fail miserably if conditions were different during their presidency. i. e. Hoover) The spokesperson of Coolidge and Hoover brings to light another problem with evaluating the performance of a President. Although he presided during an economic boom, Coolidge was in fact responsible for the policies that led to the financial crisis which began in Hoovers Administration.In contrast, Hoover was given a window of barely four years to fix a depression that he neither ca utilise nor was chosen to deal with. A further point is that the president who is credited for ending the crisis may have been nada more than the fortunate beneficiary of a huge groundwide conflict that would have stimulated the parsimoniousness regardless of who was in the White House. Unfortunately, one of the most popular ways of assessing presidential success is on the basis of popularity polls.This is unfortunate for a number of reasons. Most notably, those who respond to those polls are relying on rudimentary information. The average citizen may be able to identify Abraham Lincoln, for example, as the President who preserved the union, but some could identify James K. Polk as one of the few Presidents in history to have kept all of his campaign promises (including the promise that he not seek a second term). Depending on the measure of performance applied, the most popular Presidents can actually be among the worst.For example, if foreign polity success were the measure, George Washington, an avowed isolationist, canful F. Kennedy, whose actions embroiled us in Vietnam, and Bill Clinton, whose administration failed to capture Osama Bin Laden after a 1993 attack on the World Trade center might be ranked among the worst. In contrast, Richard Nixon (opened duologue with China, achieved Detente with USSR) was probably among the best. Even in the abstract, it is difficult to identify personality traits that would make an effective president.The job changes on an almost daily basis, and the actions and behavior of the president must be flexible enough to deal with bran-new situations and a near-constant air of crisis. Most historians and presidential scholars admit that it takes at least a generation or two after the presidency to even begin to evaluate its success, and doing so on the basis of personality traits is extremely problematic. Question 2 The Modern presidency is a result of over two ampere-second years of trial and error with respect to the use of ability.Over the time of the nations history, the Presidential usage of magnate has varied from near-inertia, to near-dictatorial powers. In the ripe era, the giving medication has become increasingly powerful. Using the tools of postulate of the Armed Forces, executive orders, and political influence, the Modern president is now a political creature on the whole different from that envisioned by the framers of the Constitution, and speckle not necessarily in keeping with democracy, the modern Presidency is much better equipped to deal with crises than a Presidency as viewed by the framers of the Constitution.The President exercises much authority in foreign policy through his command of the armed forces. The congressional check on this power by the president is twofold. First, congress issues forma declarations of war, and second, it provides the money needed for extended military actions. Modern trends have completely neutralized both of these checks. In the first case, the United States does not need to formally make a state of war in order to send soldiers into combat.In Korea, Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan, among other places, the US has entered combat without a formal declaration of war. The second check, the so-called power of the purse has been neutralized by modern political sympathies. If congress refused to fund a military effort, they would be painted as being against the troops and would face political repercussions. Thus, politically and practically, the Modern president has nearly unilateral control over the military. This, plot not the intention of the Framers, is not necessarily a bad thing.Modern technology causes events around the world to happen much more chop-chop than in years past, requiring, at times, quicker responses than one is plausibly to get from Congress. The ability of the President to react unilaterally to military crises is a necessary development in response to a changing technological and geopolitical circumstance. The modern President has made a clothe of circumventing the proper law-making processes through the use of executive orders and agency regulations.Since the executive branch is meant to enforce the l aws of Congress, it is left with the power to formulate a mode of enforcement that suits its feature interpretation of the intent of the law. Again, this goes well beyond the intention of the framers of the Constitution, who feared just now this sort of power invested in a single individual. Fortunately, modern government being as with child(p) and cumbersome as it is, not all policy decisions are made directly by the President. A vast majority of them are made by underlings following general guidelines of the administration.This practice has made it so domestic policy in particular does not reflect necessarily to depart of Congress. Historically, the President has used executive orders to circumvent the constitution, going so far in recent years as to resist citizens certain protections provided in the Bill of Rights. This practice is neither new nor unique among Presidents. From the time of Abraham Lincoln, presidents have used the exigency of war as justification for ignorin g the Constitution.At times, it seems that this mode of lawmaking is actually advantageous, given the follower bickering that accompanies Congressional lawmaking, and, again, in times of crisis, when quick, rational action is needed, Congress is better off distant the loop. The modern President also uses his role as head of the Political party to exercise policy control. Particularly if his party controls the majority of Congress, he may make his law-making wishes known and receive a good deal of support in Congress for his initiatives.Using his veto authority, he can make sure that policies contrary to his parties views do not become law, unless met with overwhelming support from both sides. This practice is more in keeping with the intention of the framers. Congress can still overrule the President if there is sufficient judgment that a given law is necessary, but, for the most part, the modern President sets lawmaking priorities for a friendly Congress. This is in keeping with the Ideal of democracy in only a limited way.The people choose the President through the means of the Electoral College, but have very limited input into policy once that decision is made. The framers set thins up intentionally in this manner because they feared direct democracy. They only went so far as to allow the people to choose their representatives in the hopes that they would pick able people who could exercise their own judgement in determining the best interests of the nation. The unilateral nature of the Presidency has had mixed results in modern history.It has allowed the nation to respond quickly in crises such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the First Iraki War, but has also sent us into ill-advised military actions in Vietnam, Central America, Africa, and the Second Iraq War. The power of the presidency was utilized well to handle crises such as the attacks on the world trade center, but not as well in response to some natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina. On the whole, it seems that it is better to have the ability to act quickly in the modern world, than not be able to do so.However it is in the nature of reality that the first response to a problem is not always the best one, and some issues require deliberation and time to solve. If a president recognizes these facts, and acts accordingly in the appropriate situations, he or she can be a very effective leader while honoring the spirit of Constitutionality. Question 3 The Modern Presidency has become a centralized and politicized position, more so than in any other era. More than any time historically, citizens cast their vote for one of two parties, relying on their platforms to indicate how they will conduit the government.As a result, the Presidency has become the centralized pattern of principles that appeal to the mainstream of political thought. This politicization was not what the framers intended, but the centralization has served the nation reasonably well in practice. In the modern era, scrutiny on presidential vistas is extremely close and getting closer and closer. Since the first televised debates in 1960, unprecedentedly large numbers of people have been privy to the record, reputation and history of presidential hopefuls.This forces the candidate to be careful to articulate viewpoints in a manner that will be least repelling to the most people. Part of this dynamic is the fact that those with more extremist viewpoints, no matter which side of the political spectrum they lie, have a disproportionately loud voce in modern media to support or decry a given candidate. If a candidate is unfortunate enough to offend one of these groups, he or she is go about opposition from an extremely well-funded, vociferous group. Because of this, political hopefuls, particularly presidents have to be, or at least appear, to be politically moderate.This engenders an environment where the politically moderate become the primary pool from which candidates are s elected. The result has been, in recent elections, that barring an extremely charismatic candidate, the choices are so near each other politically as to be nearly indistinguishable. The elections of 2000 and 2004 are examples of this phenomenon. The absence of a charismatic challenger made it unattainable for the voters to distinguish between the candidates, resulting in one of the closest elections in history in 2000, and one of the poorest-attended elections in 2004.The Framers of the United States Constitution did not envision a two-party system when they designed the government. Nevertheless, one quickly developed, first in the debate for ratification of the Constitution, and later around the principles of federal power. Although the foundations of the various parties have varied historically, the two-party system has remained in place for most presidential elections. The modern era may be witnessing a major change in the party system.One of the parties suffered a severe defeat in the 2008 election cycle and appears to be reevaluating its platform. If the party chooses to embrace the more extreme portions of their platform, it could lead to the creation of a new centralized party, which would draw support from the more moderate elements of the two major parties. A large amount of institutional inertia has been set against this development, but there is nothing in the Constitution that forbids it, nor is such an event unprecedented in the history of American politics.These developments illustrate a move from the extremism that had dominated politics since the beginning of the Cold War. More and more individuals are becoming sensitive to the voice of reason, cooperation and compromise, which weakens the position of the radical groups, and limits their ability to influence policy or elections. While it is important and permissible for these radical opinions to be heard, it is as important that be considered from an even-handed and rational perspective, whic h is what a centralized president offers.Centralization of the Presidency is more in keeping with the notions of Democratic government than politicization. The more people whose viewpoints are represented by the President, the more elective the government. A centralized presidency philosophically meshes with the majority of citizens. This observation is circular in nature. Absent obligate events such as war, the a majority of voters will embrace a more moderate candidate, and thus, candidates will endeavor to be more moderate in order to court such votes.Politicization is a overconfident thing in the political process. It allows all viewpoints to be aired and discussed. Centralization of the presidency is also a positive thing because a moderate president will be more likely to make pragmatic choices, rather than ones based in dogmatic ideals with little relationship to reality. Additionally, a moderate president is more likely to act in interests that mirror those of the majorit y of citizens. Thus, a moderate, or centralized presidency is good for both the execution of government, and the promotion of democracy.