North Carolina Agricultural & State University

Dear Honorable, Governor EasilyWe ar nursing, students at agrarian and Technical State University in Greensboro, sexual union Carolina we deliver this letter to use up to your attention an issue that if discussed enough in our lodge it might bring about(predicate) change and save lives. This is high blood pressure. I am asking for your help in bringing Hypertension a dense killer of our elderly population to the forefront of our partnerships attention.My question partner and I have conducted research on hypertension as a requirement for our community 510 nursing course. With our research, here in Guilford County Greensboro, North Carolina we have a direct of understanding hypertension moreover, how its ill cause are distressing our elderly populations health. With your help, we can bring this issue out by an preparational campaign.Our research efforts show a need to help the community become conscious to get mixed in the community to necessitate and facilitate our elder ly population, living with hypertension collectable to lack of resources, transportation, fodder exercise, obesity, chronic conditions. We have hundreds of seniors in our community here in Guilford County who can benefit by having resources to educate them about the causes risk factors and treatment for hypertension a silent killer. By facilitating things much(prenominal) as transportation to medical appointments, education on lifestyles that are tributary to good health, by getting the community involved during our research fuddle we have had a high success rate in improve the effects of those who suffer hypertension among our elderly.Our research provides a description of the omnibus(prenominal) study of hypertension within the cumulative, etiology, and the consequence on the populace health of the elderly in our area. This research will expectantly accomplish reform education about hypertension for our elderly.Helping changing their lifestyle, an example of educating is a s most know a good, diet helps maintain our body due to the FDAs and the medical communitys at large education campaign promoted on our food packages and thru television and radio adds. Amazingly hardly a(prenominal) seniors realize exercise and diet lowers hypertension, and helps problems with blood pressure levels. Hypertension is a reversible problem given the individual can see the benefits of diet and the implementation of exercise, to change their life through education when made for sale to them.Your support for community responsiveness of the seniors living with hypertension is significantly valued.Thank you for your public serviceSincerelyLinda Wesson and Melinda ValetinNorth Carolina Agricultural & State University

Inspirational Leader Laurie Ann Gibson

Inspirational leaders strike great talents of motivating and inspiring people. They also help make a difference in lie ins and help others fulfill their goals and dreams. Inspirational leaders tend not to lead through fear and like the famous language of Ghandi help you Be the change you wish to see. Last video recording season, I watched a show called Born to Dance. This show was about 20 aspiring novel trip the light fantasticrs given the tools needed to take their dance c arers to the future(a) level with a prize of $50,000.What appealed about this show were the strong feelings a chorographer demonstrated that entitled her to be an inspirational leader. Her name is Laurie Ann Gibson and I depict her as an Inspirational Leader. Laurie Ann Gibson was an average girl who was born July 14, 1969 in Toronto, Canada. She grew up looking up to famous icons like Diana Ross and Gregory Hines and had a strong get laid for dance. At the age of 17 she took a greyhound bus to NYC, N Y where she attended instruct to train at the prestigious Alvin Ailey.Her opportunities started to emerge in 1993 when she landed a gig as a Fly Girl on In Living Color with Jennifer Lopez, and soon after went on tour as a dancer with bloody shame J. Blige. At an early age, her talent essential have been evident, as she was asked to choreograph for the then rising star Mary J and continued to do so for albums and tours to come. She is also known for her consort on MTVs Making the Band series, helped direct a image called H maviny which was based on her life and won a VMA 2010 scoop out Choreographer award (Interview, 2011).Little did she know, at the age of 17 she would become one of the top admired Dance Choreographers known today. Her professional title is Choreographer and seminal Director to many of todays superstars , with over three-dozen music videos and goggle box shows to her name, her credits include some of the biggest names in the music manufacture such as Nicki Minaj, P. Diddy, Alicia Keys, Brandy, Beyonce, Usher and Hilary Duff, just to name a few. Laurie Ann Gibsons do-it-all attitude gives her an incredible cogency to make a name for herself in the hip-hop world.In August of 2010, she aired Born to Dance which showed her human-centered beyond just dance. It was very commendable to see the amount of dedication, contact tough love, motivational speeches, encouragements and most of all prayer she poured out to these ladies macrocosm most interpret shows like this reality shows. Laurie Ann stood strong on allow everyone know her show as not reality it was real real emotion and real performances. When she was younger, she felt that she was one brave soul that didnt fully understand by taking her venture by herself and acquiring on the greyhound bus would change her life.And she wanted to show other young ladies there are others out here, behind them, supporting. Over 8 weeks, I watched 20 ladies go through hard, intense and stressful da nce routines in a variety of creative challenges including music video competitions, commercials and a live performance with Lady Gaga. But 19 had to be cut. Laurie Ann unleashed her hottest choreography and presented scores of tough love but what was truly admiring was how she told each lady at illumination how their individual journeys were just beginning and that this was just a stepping careen for their careers.And foremost, I also loved that she ended each episode in prayer. She was not afraid to let everyone know about her Christianity. This demonstrated how much(prenominal) of an inspiration is she to others, including non-dancers because we all can relate and feel how sincere her actions are (Television Series, 2011). I have several personal strengths but I wouldnt put myself into a leadership role. Ive learned a mete out about myself throughout the class assessments and I would definitely say my ability to grasp an understanding of my lack of punctuality helps me prepar e more timely. in like manner acknowledging my academic challenges gives me a better outlook on how to overcome my doubtfulness. state like Laurie Ann Gibson have contributed in my inspiration to continue to push forward, achieve and accomplish my goals. Laurie Ann Gibson said that while developing her skill, she noticed she would always memorise with the words Boom and Kack with such force, power and drive that she didnt reach she was demonstrating how she felt about dance. The boom was her heart and the kack is the soul which gave birth to her dance team name Boom Kack (Weblog, 2011).Laurie Ann wanted to these 20 ladies to understand how consequential it was to love what you do by get the technique under their belts scratch line and continue to work your gift so they could stand on self-coloured ground. But most importantly, through her helpful criticism, embodied passion, creativity, and identifying herself with every girl, Laurie Ann Gibson is background knowledge her gif t free to others and watching it soar. There is hope, God still deliveries miracles-Laurie Ann Gibson.

Ashford University Library: What does the library have to offer? Essay

Research is whizz of the most important split of an individuals academic life and proof that they rent substantial their academic skills and knowledge in their ara of study. Ashford University subroutine library is an amazing graze where one is able to access exclusively the materials that is emergencyed in carrying protrude a research in some(prenominal) field of study. Conducting any physique of research requires full access to various sources that atomic number 18 considered to be bookish sources that be reliable for information and selective information that entrust help in making the research credible. Using Ashford University depository library for research and to access data and information from reliable sources offers an opportunity for s credible research since the depository library has scholarly sources as well as popular sources that can slowly be accessed (Ashford University, 2013).Ashford University Library What does the library have to offer? The benefits of using Ashford University Library be that a researcher is able to access all data and information within the library without having to engage the services of outside sources (Gasparyan, Ayvazyan, Gorin, & Kitas, 2014). The materials and sources which are entangled in the portfolio of Ashford University Library are credible and reliable sources which are easy to access through the simplest search nibs of the library (Ashford University, 2013). This helps in thrift a lot of time when carrying out a research since all information and data is within research by simply using the search tools which include the universitys database and the FindAU search tool that are simple and easy to exercising. Ashford University Library has sources which are considered scholarly and sources which are considered popular (Calkins, 2007). Scholarly sources within the library simply identifys to sources which that have been create by recognized scholarly organizations or institutions suc h as universities and sources which have been sent out to other scholarly peers for an anonymous review.The sources always include journals and withal books which have been published by scholarly groups, colleges or universities (Gasparyan, Ayvazyan, Gorin, & Kitas, 2014). Furthermore, in scholarly sources, the archetype research have been published in books and even journals, written by people who are experts in that field of study, has citations and are usually longer, having roughly 10 to 30 pages of research (Calkins, 2007). Popular sources on the other hand are considered to contain interesting stories, which may refer to research but do not necessarily contain the original research that was conducted. In addition, they are written by general public, they lack citations in most occasions, not peer-reviewed and they tend to be much shorter, having about 200 words to some few pages of writing (Gasparyan, Ayvazyan, Gorin, & Kitas, 2014).To make appropriate use of the librarys database and to know effectively and efficiently what you need for your research, it would be important to know what your research entails and what you hope to achieve with the lowest completed research (Ashford University, 2013). This means the thesis and the problem question to be answered by the research must be identified and clearly unsounded after which one will be able to know what materials to construe for in the library (Calkins, 2007). The resources that fit the need for the research can be identified through the problem question and the thesis statement which will help in knowing whether the research will require use of scholarly sources or any other sources which can help in providing data for the research.Conclusion Conducting a complete research that is satisfactory and one that can be relied on requires the use of data and information sources which are reliable. Ashford University Library provides great opportunity for conducting research since it offers a wid e roam of scholarly sources that can be relied on for research in any field of study. The benefits that one gets from using Ashford University Library are numerous since the sources operable within the university are considered to be scholarly hence the reliability of the resources.ReferencesAshford University, (2013), Library Services viewed from http//www.ashford.edu/student_services/library_resources.htm on 9th August 2014.Ashford University, (2013), Writing Services, viewed from https//awc.ashford.edu/research-papers-intro-to-the-online-library.html on 9th August 2014.Calkins, S. R. (2007). Evaluating internet and Scholarly Sources Across the Disciplines Two Case Studies. College Teaching, 55(4), 151-156.Gasparyan, A., Ayvazyan, L., Gorin, S. V., & Kitas, G. D. (2014). Upgrading instructions for authors of scholarly journals. Croatian Medical Journal, 55(3), 271-280. doi10.3325/cmj.2014.55.271Source document

Graded Assignment: Global Interactions Unite Test

Lusitanian explorers and conquers. They brought them to the unused initiation for fire campaign. On the other hand Eng overthrow and France thought of the similar ideas, bringing African slaves from Africa to ferment mostly on sugar plantations. In general Europeans couldnt work on call downs on their own, they felt like they mandatory others to work for them, so they bought slaves and shipped them to the new world in order for their farms and plantations to keep going. When Spanish and Portuguese explorers first settled in the new world, they thought of calming the land they discover to their country.As they settled and as trading went by in the new world, they couldnt on the farms themselves. They staple fibreally needed others to work under their command. When the exploration went just about the coast of Africa to reach India, they found what they call slaves to do farm labor in the new world. It started out as a exchange with the Spanish and Portuguese and African tri be leaders. They slaves they traded for would be placed on slave ships and would be shipped to the new world. When they arrived at the new world, they wouldnt have much liberty except on the farm science now they were owned by theSpanish and Portuguese. The main reason slaves were bought by the Portuguese was for farm labor and evolution different types of crops for trade. On the other hand, other European nations explored the new world and claimed land as well. The reason their slaves are called Caribbean slavery, is because they went to the Caribbean and claimed land for their countries. But their lands werent the same as the Spanish and Portuguese. They had sugar and tobacco plantations. These type of plantations required to a great extent work, and body strength.Of course Europeans couldnt do such work. They also bought slaves from Africa into the Caribbean. The slaves are what wait oned these Europeans trade valuable crops for valuable items as well. As the Spanish and Euro peans expanded their empires, they needed even more slaves for more work on more farms and plantations. And as their crops grew in size, their trade went greater too as well. This didnt only help them trade within themselves just now all the way to the far eastern of Asia. Europeans had successful trade by their successful crops which were grown by slaves.In conclusion, Caribbean and tungsten African slavery had many similarities and differences. Without the idea of slave trade and their farm and plantation labor, Europeans wouldnt have been the most successful traders in the world. During the 15th and sixteenth century, had control over the worlds trade. This trade mastering didnt only end with near crops, but many newly introduced crops to Europe helped strengthen their trade but also required trade for even more slaves. Slaves were a basic factor for Europeans in order to achieve success.

Globalisation and the Nation-State

Emerging terra firmas such as China and India aim also releaseed companies to reduce production costs and target wider developing consumers. With these opport unit of measurementies and with some(prenominal) of the other opportunities surrounding ball-shapedization stintings now look at the de make outry on a lobar scale as oppose to a home(a) scale which has led to conflicting perspectives on the hold of the nation-state.As early as 1969 economics such as Charles Kindergrtner sparked the perspective that the nation state Is Just about by as an economic unit (Eagleburger 1969 207) The following essay go out look at globalisation in terms of the economy and look at two of these businesses veritablely direct globally to see if the role of the individualist nation-state government remains springy despite the trend towards globalization. Firstly whiz must define what libations rattling Is and what type of organizations qualifies as a global company.Researchers suggest that globalization is unrivalled of the most mis utilise and one of the most confused words about today (Dickens, 2007). globalization is a widely used term that has no simple definition Instead researchers suggest that the word has become a convenient summary term used by umteen to bundle unitedly virtually all the goods and bad facing contemporary societies (Dickens, 2007). There is one definition that most globalizes will agree upon and thats that it is a process by which the experience of e very(prenominal)day life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and Ideas, Is becoming interchangeable nearly the human being. In terms of the economic globalization that essay will be concentrating on, Globalization Is a level of economic activity that has outgrown national markets through industrial combinations and commercial groupings that cross national frontiers, and international agreements that allow businesses to operate world-widely (Hirsh, 1996) Lloyd TTS Is one company th at can be defined as a global organization. Lloyd TTS Is an International bank thats part of Lloyd banking group. Its interrogation office is in London and it originated in 1745 as a private banking service with one single office in Birmingham.In the 1 answer Lloyd began to expand offices through Europe, India and South America. In the late sasss Lloyd acquired other International businesses and soon had hundreds of offices in over 50 divers(prenominal) countries. McDonalds is a prompt victuals restaurant. It was formed in 1948 in California and is currently the largest extravagant food restaurant In the world. It currently has 31,000 restaurants in 118 countries. Macdonald has become global as more than 75% of McDonalds restaurants relied argon owned as a franchise.Both companies are large global companies that are as successful as they are as they view the world as one get and not in terms of nation-state governments. Although both companies are similar In the sense that they operate globally they are both very various organizations. Lloyd TTS began in the UK and have bought other companies and diversified to gain its global recognition. McDonalds however, 1 OFF operates In ten T sector Ana stall masculine operates alertly In ten A It galena global standing by franchising the brand and the products across the worldThere are also other key differences mingled with the companies. As well as operational in different economic sectors, Researchers suggest that although both organizations operate as transnational organizations their global trading operations are completely different. Lloyd TTS is a global organization as its oversea operations are de hold upry of the akin service to Just different consumers, whilst the same researchers would describe McDonalds as a Multinational Organization as it views much of its overseas operations as a portfolio of independently run businesses (Bartlett, 2000)On both Lloyd TTS and McDonalds thither are major i nfluences affecting them as they operate in the globalizes economy. Globalization and international companies arriving in individual national-states have always been met with a diverseness of positive and negative opinions due to the instant challenge it brings to the uses and the very organism of the nation-state. There are currently 194 individual nation-states in the world (Rosenberg, 2009). separately state has its own common culture and has its own way of administration its state.With new technologies, transportation and communications and the fact that organizations are now creating a standardized way of living it can be assumed that the agency and control once held by the nation-state is being severely reduced. Due to the claims by theorists such as Kindergrtner (1969) there has been much debate sparked into the existence of the nation-state and the uses of globalization. In the globalization debate there are three conflicting perspectives on the uses of the nation-state. The first perspective is that of the Hyper-Globalizes, who argue that we live in a borderless world and the nation- state is no longer relevant. The Hyper- Globalizes view globalization as a new development and suggest that the worlds cultures and experiences are becoming homogeneous through standardized global products. The second opinion is the Skeptical Internationalists who accept that globalization exists however believe that its not new and the grounding globalizes who believe that duodecimal consider is Just as important as qualitative date in the debate.According to Dickens (2007IPPP) the roles of the nation-state in the contemporary global economy has tetrad key roles containers of institutions and cultures, regulators of economic activities, competitors with other states and elaborators with other states and when globalization intrudes these roles its often met with a degree of negativity Lloyd TTS and McDonalds are diversifying into these individual nation-states and a s a closure are sometimes met with this negativity and political concern targeted towards the hyper-globalizes perspective.These companies and most of the companies that are isolating are often from Western dominated economies and arrive with westward abide bys and cultural takes. Hilton (1998) suggests that one of the main negative impacts on these organizations and libations in general is that they are incorporating third world and developing economies into the global economy only as passive consumers of standardized products and nothing more suggesting that although these companies are operating globally the economic wealth and growth still lives within its overlord national economy which widens the gap between the rich and poor countries.Omaha (1995) considers the standardization of culture as a negative impact on globalization. These Uninominal nation-states Tanat companies same(p) Lloyd Dank Ana c an ass are penetrating have individual cultural values and beliefs. Both companies are bringing their Western cultural values into these individual nations and creating a standardized culture within. McDonalds for example has a very western cultural style to its food, items on its menu such as French fries and hamburgers are very much western orientated foods.The very way in which McDonalds delivers its food in fast food restaurants, through American style diners and drive troughs again reflect the western cultural values which are now being adapted and standardized around the world. Omaha (1995) suggests that these changes can be seen as negative impacts and are seen as a challenge to the importance and use of a nation-state if the world is starting to live in a standardized way.There are umteen negative opinions in the role of the nation-state debate and evidence to suggest that we are beginning to live in a homogeneity environment however, there have been many recent events that have shown that despite the trend to globalization the nation-state i s still snappy and that we do not live in a homogeneity world. oneness recent event thats affected nearly everyone is the global recession or the Credit Crunch the world is currently experiencing.The Credit Crunch can be defined as a severe shortage of money or reliance (BBC, BBC NEWS, 2009) and is caused by banks not lending out money. Lloyd TTS is one of many financial institutions affected in the credit crunch due to the very nature of the business and the fact that deregulation in the global financial economy allowed banks to lend money in insecure lax borrowers, especially in the American mortgage economy Where billions of dollars was invested into mortgages made available to sub-prime borrowers ( hoi polloi with bad credit rating, no Jobs, no repayment amounts) at a low interest rate.When interest rates started to increase people began to default on borrowings which meant the value of these enthronizations plummeted expirying in huge losses for banks globally (Badmouth, 2009), including Lloyd TTS. As a result of this lax lending Lloyd and many other global banks were forced to create verbally off millions of pounds of debts. Lloyd were left 250 million short (BBC 2007) which left them at a huge loss and unconfined to lend out more money. As a result of the financial difficulties Lloyd were forced to make over two one thousand people redundant and were left to turn to the nation-state for help.In terms of the nation-sate debate its unmistakable in economic downturns such as the global credit crunch and the current recession the nation-state is vital for companies such as Lloyd to survive. The British government used tax-payers funds to bail out the bank by supplying them with over a billion pounds worth of investment. McDonalds, operating in a completely different economic sector completely survived the economic downturn as people looked to them for a cheap source of food and drink.McDonalds made a mesh through the economic downturn and look set to do the same this year (McDonalds. Com 2009). Further to the debate that we do not live in a homogeneity world is the fact that states regulate trade, foreign investment and industry and each state takes an individual stance on how they do this. Policies towards imports and exports are individual in every state and McDonalds and Lloyd TTS have to stick with with these policies in each individual state.

Good And Evil: “How to Kill A Mockingbird” Harper Lee Essay

Good and poisonous go hand in hand. The race between approximate and venomous fuel be conditionn in the Bible, with the stories of Adam and Eve and Cain and Abel. The correlation between skilful and black is forecastn with reveal history, through medians such as literature and the media. Neither well behaved nor evil can exist without the other. The coexistence of penny-pinching and evil is pictured in harper leewards To Kill A Mockingbird when the characters of Jem, dill weed and guide platter come across reasoned and evil through Maycomb hostelry. Jem is placed in situations where he is exposed to both legal and evil in Maycomb.This is shown when Jem encounters good and evil through the closing of the knothole, the venires unjust verdict, and Mrs. Dubose. Jem is portrayed as a more mature character in this book but there argon many instances in which he shows his ignorance to the evil in Maycomb. Jem is exposed to evil when Nathan Radley plugs the knothole with cement. Jem feels that, in a counselling, Nathan Radley is breaking the hardly connection between siss and the children. The reader can see that the cementing of the knothole unfeignedly affects Jem in the following extract, When the children went in the house guidebook had seen that Jem had been crying (Lee pg.63).The closing of the knothole is possibly the first time Jem realizes that Maycomb is not the perfect town he has continuously perceived it as, because it has both good and bad. Jem starts to understand that there is a agglomerate more going on in Maycomb than what is seen on the outside. other shell of Jems exposure to the good and evil in Maycomb society is seen when the jury convicts Tom Robinson. Jems reaction reveals his emotions, as seen in the following act template peeked at Jem his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and Jems shoulders jerked as if in each(prenominal) criminal was a separate stab between them (Lee pg.211).Jems body ph rase shows the thoughts and the feels he has towards the jurys verdict. Jem put a striation of combine into the jury, sentiment that they would produce a fair verdict but he was let down when they wholly said guilty, withal the Cunningham who had at first opposed the rest of the jury. This is another encounter Jem has that reveals both the good and evil in Maycomb. Finally, Jem faces both good and evil in the prepare of Mrs. Dubose. His initial reaction to her rudeness is anger, which is described in the quote, Not only(prenominal) a Finch waiting on tables but one in the courthouse lawing for niggers Jem stiffened. Mrs. Dubosesshot had gone home and she knew it. Jem was scarlet (Lee pg. 101-102). All Jem can see in Mrs. Dubose is an evil old woman. The only time he sees something more than evil is when genus Atticus reveals to him that Mrs. Dubose was an ex-morphine addict. This changes his view of Mrs. Dubose. Jem sees a new side of Mrs. Dubose that he had never seen befo re. Jem starts to see that although she was grumpy and crude, she possessed courage, and in her own instruction, was good. by the knothole incident, the verdict, and Mrs. Dubose, Jem starts to see the relationship between both good and evil and he understands that nothing is ever all good or all evil.Another character that has to face the reality of the coexistence of good and evil is dill. dill weed is pacify young and innocent. through with(predicate) encounters with both good and evil in society, dill gains experience and grows mentally and emotionally. Dill finds good and evil in the trial, the way his parents treat him, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Dill compares the roles that Atticus and Mr. Gilmer play in the trial. He becomes subtle to the good of Atticus and the bad of Mr. Gilmer, the prosecutor. When Mr. Gilmer is cross-examining Tom Robinson, Dill feels that Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom Robinson unfairly. hostile Atticus, Mr.Gilmer shows no respect for Tom and Dill empat hizes with Tom. Dills feeling towards the unfairness is seen in the following passage That old Mr. Gilmer doin Tom thataway, talking so hateful to Tom (Lee pg. 198). Dill feels that it is wrong for Mr. Gilmer to treat Tom like he is inferior just because he is black. In seeing the comparison of Atticus and Mr. Gilmer in the way they carry themselves in the trial, Dill is starting to see the coexistence of good and evil. Dill feels that his parents are sometimes good and sometime bad. Dill feels that in many ways his parents are evil because all they do is ignore him.We see that he feels unwanted when he says The thing is what Im tryin to say is they do get on a lot better without me. They taint me everything I want but its now-youve-got-it-go-play-with-it (Lee pg. 145). Dill explains why he ran away from home and in his description of the way his parents treat him, there is a connection between good and evil. It can be classified as good that Dills parents buy him everything he wa nts. On an emotional level Dill feels detached and unreal to his parents because once they buy him his toy, they leave him by himself. In his relationship with his parents,Dill feels that there is both good and evil. Lastly, Dill encounters both good and evil when he meets Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Mr. Dolphus Raymond shows his evil side to the community in Maycomb but shows his cosmos when taking care of Dill during the trial. This is seen in the quote, Cry about the elemental hell people give other people without even thinking (Lee pg. 201) Through Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Dill sees that there is always more than what is seen on the surface. though Maycomb society sees Mr. Dolphus Raymond as a drunk, and therefore evil, Dill and scout witness the good in him.In a way, Mr. Dolphus Raymond has more good than most people in Maycomb because he understands the way things should be. This influences Dill because he realizes that even though Mr. Dolphus Raymond is thought of as evil, he is ac tually good. Through Dills experiences with the trial, his parents, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Dill is exposed to the coinciding of good and evil. In this book, the person most exposed to the good and evil in society is pathfinder. In the course of the story, spy is exposed to good and evil through the mob, the fire, and Boo Radley.Scout finds out that all people have good and bad sides, When Scout sees Atticus confronted by the mob, she at first feels that they are ready to hurt him, and in her eyes, the gang must be bad. Scout tries to stop the confrontation and in doing so, wakes up the good in Mr. Cunningham, the mantic mob leader. The reader sees that Scout changed something within Mr. Cunningham in the next quote Then he straightened up and waved a big paw. Lets clear out, he called (Lee pg. 154). Mr. Cunningham acts humanely, unlike the way he acted within the mob. It is as if the mob as a whole is bad but each individual is good.Scout brings out the individual in the mob, b ringing out the good from the bad. Another example of Scouts encounter with good and evil is during the fire. In Maycomb County, there are a lot of stereotyped and preferential views. Scout is exposed to Atticus way of thinking of all people as equals, and to Scout this is good and the prejudice in Maycomb citizens is bad. During the fire, Scout sees that although there are people in Maycomb whose views are wrong, they were still at the fire, helping, proven in the following quote The men of Maycomb, in all degrees of dress and undress, took furniture from Miss Maudies house (Lee pg.69).Maycomb society shows solidarity during the fire, which is good, though sometimes that very solidarity used for good is turned into a prejudiced view shared by most of the citizens of Maycomb, which is bad. Through the fire scene, Scout sees that although sometimes Maycomb is evil because of its racism and chauvinism, the community shows goodness when coming together to help Miss Maudie. Finally, S cout sees good in Boo Radley even though society portrays him as evil. When Bob Ewell tries to kill Jem and Scout, Boo saves them by killing Bob Ewell.Although murdering Bob was bad, Boo was doing good because he was defend the children. The following quote shows that Scout knows Boo was trying to protect her Mr. Tate was advanced Well, itd sort of be like shootin a mockingbird, wouldnt it? (Lee pg. 276). Scout understands that sometimes there is good even in the evilest of actions. Scout last realizes that Boo Radley is indeed human and although he has always been portrayed as a monster, there is good in him.Through the mob, the fire and Boo Radley, Scout learns that there is always good where there is evil and guilt versa. The theme of the coexistence of good and evil is emphasized in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird. Throughout the novel the reader sees the diametric events that characters are exposed to, thus affecting the way they perceive good and evil. One must start to realize that nothing is ever all good or all evil. The coexistence of good and evil can be seen everyday, out on the streets, in our schools, and in our homes.

Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Materials And Processes Environmental Sciences Essay

In natural philosophies, thermodynamicalals ( from the Greek I?II?I?I therme, intending awaken and I?I?I?II?I?I , dynamis, intending power ) is the stick with of qualification transition amid gamey temperature and mechanic fly the coop, and later on the visible variables such(prenominal)(prenominal) as temperature, batch and crusade per social building block realm. Its primogenitor, establish on statistical anticipations of the corporate gesture of atoms from their microscopic behaviour, is the field of statistical thermodynamics ( or statistical mechanism ) , a subdivision of statistical natural philosophies.Thermodynamicss is the scientific discipline which relates ki shekelsicss of legatos with thermal and muscularity, thermodynamics trades with modify, piss, and power. In this study a set of rehearsals and human faces ar expound and explained.State of a System, 0th decree of thermodynamicsThe postcodeth rumpon of thermodynamics body politics that when deuce innate structures capture tolerableity of temperature with a 3rd organic structure, they in wreak sufficientity of temperature with separately(prenominal) other Gordon J. caravan Wylen .If A, B, and C are dodgings or organic structures, we utter that the organic structures or the carcasss are in thermic labyrinthine sense or change slight temperature, A and B in thermic chemical impactiser and B and C are in thermic balance wheel besides.if T ( A ) = T ( B )and T ( B ) = T ( C )so T ( A ) = T ( C ) . code property ( 1 ) Thermal proportion surrounded by cardinal organic structures.Work, warmheartedness, 1th jurisprudence of thermodynamicsThe kickoff jurisprudence of thermodynamics dutys that during a cadence a formation ( command fortune ) undergoes, the cyclic integral of the erupt is comparative to the cyclic integral of the work Gordon J. Van Wylen .In another develops the preservation of cipher responsibilitys that the tra nsformation in the privileged button of both closed formation advert the high temperature added to the dodging minus the work through with(p) by the brass. the succeeding(prenominal) comparability shows that discriminate Piston cylinder organisation with water in spite of appearance the cylinder, province ( 1 ) as shown in figure ( 2 ) to a natural depressi wizardr place shows the initial province of the clay ( water system has internal skill ) and it is in residual province, when an external burden applied to the Piston the system changered to province ( 2 ) and work and ignite transferred into and from the system to make to the 2nd proportion place ( province 2 ) .Figure ( 2 ) Application of the source jurisprudence of thermodynamics. knowledgeable Energy, Expansion WorkThe internal energy is a thermodynamic dimension besides it toilet be defined as the effect of hit-or-miss energy included in true shopping center of the mater collectible to the i nternal motion of atoms. Besides it is extended attribute because it depends on the business deal of the system.The sum of internal energy of any stuff as thermodynamic belongings depends on the mass of the organic structure and it specialized mania potentiality, for h angiotensin converting enzymest example if we increase the temperature of metal its internal energy increased based on the temperature difference, besides metals take hold high specific awake capacity than melteds.Figure ( 3 ) Comparison amidst metal and ice based on the internal energy.Heat marrowThe heat discipline is defined as the heat transportation during the performance which is given in the b all(prenominal)heads of the vicissitude in internal energy, mogul per whole of musical rhythmment domain of a function and volume Gordon J. Van Wylen . The fol secondarying(prenominal) equating shows the chief parametric quantities of heat content.The thermodynamic potency H was introduced by the D utch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in early twentieth century in the undermenti stard signifierWhere Tocopherol represents the energy of the system. In the absence of an external field, the heat content may be defined, as it is by and large cognise, bywhere ( all wholes given in SI )H is the heat content ( in Js ) ,U is the internal energy ( in Js ) ,P is the stick per unit res publica of the system, ( in Pas ) , andV is the volume, ( in three-dimensional metres ) . chance variable pV ( both(prenominal) convictions called meld work ) is motivated by the undermenti whizzd illustration of an isobaric cognitive process. Gas look at forrarding heat ( by, for illustration, a chemical answer ) in a cylinder pushes a Piston, keeping changeless contract per unit theatre of operations P and adding to its thermic energy. The ferocity is calculated from the country A of the Piston and definition of twinge per unit theatre of operations P = F/A the force is F = pA. By definition, work W do is W = Fx, where ten is the distance traversed. Uniting gives W = pax, and the merchandise Ax is the volume traversed by the Piston Ax = V. Thus, the work done by the plash is W = pV, where P is a changeless force per unit theatre of operations and V the enlargement of volume. Including this term allows the treatment of energy alterations when non plainly temperature, barely besides volume or force per unit discipline are changed. The henry alteration can be defined IH = IU + W = IU + I ( pV ) , where IU is the thermic energy receivable to warming of the gunslinger during the enlargement, and W the work done on the Piston.Joule-Thomson ExperimentJoule-Thomson experiment is apply to find the C dioxide coefficient. And comparing the experimental value with the deliberate value. Figure ( 3 ) shows the experimental setup of Joule-Thomson experiment.Figure ( 3 ) Joule-Thomson experimental apparatus ( Taylor ) .The fluid allowed flowing steadily from a high force per unit world to low force per unit area through a porous spark plug inserted in a pipe. At steady conditions the pipe is insulated from any heat loss to environing, the flow speed should be low so the differences in kinetic energy between the upstream and the downstream are negligible. Measurements of temperature and force per unit area up watercourse and downstream the media should be interpreted ( G.F.C. Rogers ) .Ploting curves for both warming and chilling part for force per unit area and temperature of the ordnance, the aforethought curves are shown in figure ( 4 ) .Figure ( 4 ) Isenthalpic curves and the enthalpy inversion curve ( Taylor ) .adiabatic ProceduresAdiabatic meat the procedure during which the heat is prevented from traversing the term of the system ( G.F.C. Rogers ) . The system is thermally insulated from the environing conditions, so for adiabatic procedure the first jurisprudence of thermodynamics is reduced to the alteration in internal energy peers the work done by the system or on the system.Figure ( 5 ) Adiabatic procedure in P-V diagram ( G.F.C. Rogers ) .What is ThermochemistryThermochemistry is the survey of energy produced or oblivious in chemical reactions and any physical transmutation such as runing or simmering. Thermochemistry, by and large, is concerned with the energy exchange attach toing transmutations, such as com inter medley, stage passages, chemical reactions, and including computations of such measures as the heat capacity, heat of desirous, heat of formation, heat content, and free energy ( E.H. bread ) . Thermochemistry remainders on two generalisations. Stated in modern footings, they are as followsLavoisier and Laplace s jurisprudence ( 1780 ) The energy alteration attach toing any transmutation is equal and opposition of energy alteration attach toing the wayward procedure.Hess s jurisprudence ( 1840 ) The energy alteration attach toing any transmutation is the same whether the procedure occurs in one measure or many.Figure ( 6 ) Energy motion ( www.howstuffworks.com ) .What is CalorimetryThe word calorimetry was derived from the lateen word calor which means heat and Greek word metry which means step it is the scientific discipline of mensurating the sum of heat. To mensurate the energy produced from certain burn down or affair calorimeter is used. Calorimeter is a dodge consists of barrel alter with water and a bomb filled with give the axe ( oil fuel or coal ) besides and electric circuit is used to exercise forth electrical signal to fire the discharge inside the bomb, afterwards that the heat transportations to the H2O inside the calorimeter, by mensurating the initial and conclude H2O temperature and cognizing the H2O sum in the calorimeter, the sum of heat green goods from the fuel discharge can be estimated. The figure below shows the calorimeter.Figure ( 7 ) Calorimeter ( E.H. Cole ) . foster virtue of ThermodynamicssThe 2nd jurisprudence of thermodynami cs is the jurisprudence of heat and power, it can be expressed asIt is infeasible to do an engine to run in a ( thermodynamics ) rhythm, in which the lone interactions are positive work done on the milieus and heat transportation from a system which remains at changeless temperature ( E.H. Cole ) .Figure ( 8 ) The schematic of 2nd jurisprudence of thermodynamics ( www.howstuffworks.com ) .The undermentioned expression of the jurisprudence has been proposedIt is impossible to build a heat-engine rhythm which leave behind bring forth only the consequence of lifting a weight ( net work or shaft work ) if heat is exchanged with a individual thermal reservoir ( Max Planck ) , and heat can non of itself flow from a colder to a thermalter system ( Rudolf Clausius ) .Carnot CycleS guardianship Carnot a Gallic scientist of the early 19th century, he proposed a heat engine rhythm based on the 2nd jurisprudence of thermodynamics. Carnot said that the work by the heat engine rhythm increas ed by increasing the temperature differences between the hot and the cold reservoirs ( Leonard ) . So the efficiency of Carnot rhythm depends on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs.Figure ( 9 ) Caront rhythm in Pressure-Volume diagram, ( www.howstuffworks.com ) .The public presentation of heat engine rhythm nine expressed as the dividend divided by the cost, the intent of power rhythm is to present shaft work, which is the dividend. The cost depends on the heat supply from the hot reservoir. terce jurisprudence of Thermodynamicss and unassailable readingThe Third justice of Thermodynamics is the lesser known of the three major thermodynamic Torahs. To detecther, these Torahs succor organize the foundations of modern scientific discipline. The Torahs of thermodynamics are tyrannical physical Torahs all(prenominal)thing in the discernible instauration is capable to them. Like reduce or gravitation, zippo in the existence is exempt from these Torahs. In its simple st signifier, the Third Law of Thermodynamics relates the culture ( culture ) of affair to its supreme temperature ( G.F.C Rogers ) .The Third Law of Thermodynamics refers to a province known as controlling nothing. This is the bottom superlative on the super C temperature graduated table. The Kelvin graduated table is absolute, intending 0A Kelvin is mathematically the low possible temperature in the existence. This corresponds to about -273.15A Celsius, or -459.7 Fahrenheit.In actuality, no fair game or system can withhold a temperature of nothing Kelvin, because of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law, in portion, implies that heat can neer ad libitum move from a colder organic structure to a hotter organic structure. So, as a system approaches absolute zero, it result finally hold to escape energy from what incessantly systems are nearby. If it draws energy, it can neer obtain absolute nothing. So, this province is non physically possible, but is a mathe matical bound of the existence. In its shortest signifier, the Third Law of Thermodynamics says The information of a pure perfect crystallization is zero ( 0 ) at nothing Kelvin ( 0A K ) . due south is a belongings of affair and energy discussed by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Third Law of Thermodynamics means that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its information approaches a changeless ( for pure perfect crystals, this changeless is zero ) .A pure perfect crystal is one in which every breakwatercule is indistinguishable, and the wallcular alliance is absolutely even throughout the substance. For non-pure crystals, or those with less-than perfect alliance, there will be whatsoever energy associated with the imperfectnesss, so the information can non go nothing. The Third Law of Thermodynamics can be visualized by believing about H2O. Water in screw up signifier has jettycules that can travel about genuinely freely. Water drying upisation has really high information ( entropy ) . As the bungle cools, it becomes crystal clear. The swimming H2O molecules can s cashbox travel about, but non as freely. They have confounded some information. When the H2O cools farther, it becomes solid ice. The solid H2O molecules can no longer travel freely, but can only shiver within the ice crystals. The information is now really low. As the H2O is cooled to a greater extent, closer and closer to absolute zero, the quiver of the molecules devolvees. If the solid H2O reached absolute nothing, all molecular gesture would halt wholly. At this time period, the H2O would hold no information ( entropy ) at all.Standards of EquilibriumThe province of system is determined by the molecules within the system boundaries. The balance wheel has contrasting significances, if we have material in solid or liquefied stage we said that stuff is in stage equilibrium if its stage does non alter. Besides if the province of the stuff is changele ss we said that stuff in thermodynamic equilibrium ( William C. Reynolds ) .The macroscopical belongingss that can in dominate be metric as a social occasion of the thermodynamic equilibrium province and that are in some manner relevant to energy are called thermodynamic equilibrium. all conglomerate feature of speech of all the molecules, such as their entire energy, is a thermodynamic belongings. When the province is fixed the thermodynamics belongingss are fixed.13. Helmholtz and Gibbs free energyThe thermodynamics potencies consists of quartet measures, these measures are internal energy, the heat content, the Helmholtz free energy and the Gibbs free energy. So Helmholtz and Gibbs are portion of thermodynamics possible.The Helmholtz free energy depends on the internal energy, temperature, and information. equivalence below shows the coincidence between internal energy, absolute temperature, and information in Helmholtz free energy equality.Gibbs free energy as shown in equivalence below depends on internal energy, absolute temperature, information, absolute force per unit area, and the concluding volume.The quadruplet thermodynamic potencies are related by beginnings of the energy from the environs term TS and the enlargement work term PV. A mnemonic diagram suggested by Schroeder can assist you maintain path of the relationships between the four thermodynamic potencies.14. Hess s jurisprudenceHess s jurisprudence states that the energy alteration in any chemical or physical reaction does non depend on the way or figure of stairss required to arrest this reaction.Figure ( 10 ) Chemical reaction stairss with energy sum.The IH for a individual reaction can be calculated from the difference between the heats of formation of the merchandises minus the heat of formation of the reactants. In mathematical footings15. Clausius-Clapeyron compareThe Clausius-Clapeyron par relates the fluctuation of force per unit area with temperature along the saturated- e vaporizationation ( or liquid ) line to the heat content and volume of vaporisation. This par is serviceable in building a graphical or tabular equality of province from a lower limit of experimental measurings ( Williams C. Reynolds ) .The clausius-Clapeyron equality allows gauging the vapor force per unit area at any temperature if the heat content of vaporisation and vapor force per unit area at some temperatures are known,16. Ideal Solution and Non- lofty SolutionIn chemical science, an exemplar reply or sample mixed bag is a dissolvent in which the heat content of solution ( or heat content of intermingle ) is zero 1 the closer to zero the heat content of solution is, the more rarefied the behaviour of the solution becomes. Equivalently, an ideal miscellanea is one in which the activity coefficients ( which step divergence from ideality ) are equal to one ( Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia ) . A solution whose behaviour does non conform to that of an ideal solution that is, the behaviour is non predictable oer a broad ground of concentrations and temperatures by the usage of Raoult s jurisprudence.In contrast to ideal solutions, where volumes are purely linear and commixture is ever complete, the volume of a non-ideal solution is non, in general, the simple amount of the volumes of the component pure liquids and solubility is non guaranteed over the whole composing scope.Figure ( 11 ) Behavior of non ideal solutions.17. Statistical mechanicsStatistical mechanics or statistical thermodynamics is a mathematical creature trades with high race or informations. It s related with macroscopic thermodynamic belongingss such as work, information, free energy, and heat.Ludwig Boltzmann is the male parent of statistical thermodynamics he started the work in statistical mechanics in 1870.18. Raoult s Law /MIXTURESThe partial vapour force per unit area of a essential in a mixture is equal to the vapour force per unit area of th e pure constituent at that temperature multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.Raoult s Law merely works for ideal mixtures In equivalence signifier, for a mixture of liquids A and B, this reads ( hypertext transfer communications protocol //www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/pha run acrossqia/idealpd.html ) In this equating, PA and PB are the partial vapor force per unit areas of the constituents A and B. In any mixture of fumblees, each ordnance exerts its ain force per unit area. This is called its partial force per unit area and is independent of the other throttle valvees present. Even if you took all the other gases off, the staying gas would still be exercising its ain partial force per unit area.The entire vapor force per unit area of the mixture is equal to the amount of the single partial force per unit areas.The Po set are the vapour force per unit areas of A and B if they were on their ain as pure liquids.xA and xB are the mole fractions of A and B. That is exactl y what it says it is the fraction of the entire figure of moles present which is A or B.mole fraction utilizing, for illustration19. Reversible/ir bilateral/Adiabatic/isobaric/isothermal/Isochoric proceduresThe two-sided procedure is the procedure that the system takes topographic point one time and returns to its original province without any alteration in the system or environing Gordon J. Van Wylen .The permanent procedure, this procedure done when the system undergoes certain procedure it transferred from province and can non return to its original province without any alteration in the system or environing Gordon J. Van Wylen .Adiabatic procedure, this done when the system transferred from one province to another without heat transportation to environing Gordon J. Van Wylen .Isobar procedure, it is a procedure with changeless force per unit area Gordon J. Van Wylen . equal procedure, the system transferred from province to another at changeless temperature Gordon J. Van Wylen .Isochoric procedure, procedure with changeless volume Gordon J. Van Wylen .Figure ( 12 ) The thermodynamics processes Gordon J. Van Wylen .20. Heat of vaporisationHeat of vaporisation or latent heat of vaporisation is the sum of heat needed to reassign certain sum of affair from liquid province to vapor province. Heat of vaporisation depends on the affair itself, its sum ( mass ) , and the temperature. Table below shows the heat of vaporisation of H2O at different temperatures Gordon J. Van Wylen .No.Temperature ( Co )Heat of VaporizationkJ/kg )152489.62102477.73152465.94202454.15252442.36302430.5Table ( 1 ) Heat of Vaporization for H2O at different temperatures Gordon J. Van Wylen .21. restricting ProceduresRestricting procedure done when fluid go throughing through valve or fulminant reduction in country, the flow is steady and the force per unit area Idaho drooped across the valve in the strangulation procedure the heat content is changeless, so the cho king procedure is a procedure with changeless heat content. cardinal application of restricting procedure is the restricting calorimeter, restricting calorimeter is a device used to find the quality of a two stage liquid-vapor mixture Gordon J. Van Wylen .Figure ( 13 ) Restricting procedure Gordon J. Van Wylen .22. Joule Thomson CoefficientJoule-Thomson coefficient relates to the choking procedure, it s the consequence of divergence of temperature bead to coerce bead for a steady province, steady flow through partly opening valve. The equation below shows Joule-Thomson coefficientPositive Joule-Thomson coefficient means that there is temperature bead during the choking procedure, but when it is negative the temperature rises during the restricting procedure Gordon J. Van Wylen .23. maxwell s Relationssmaxwell dealingss are mathematical dealingss for compressible fluids, this relation are related four belongingss, the thermodynamics belongingss in Maxwell dealingss are force p er unit area ( P ) , Temperature ( T ) , specific volume ( V ) , and information ( S ) . Maxwell dealingss are summarized in three positions as shown below, the first position the canonical equation, the 2nd position the Maxwell relation, and the last position is the working(a) equation Gordon J. Van Wylen .Basic equationMaxwell RelationWorking equalityWhereUracils internal energy. CP specific heat under changeless force per unit area.Thymine Temperature. Curriculum vitae specfic heat under changeless specific volume.Phosphorus Pressure.Volts Volume.Second Information.Hydrogen Enthaply.24. Chemical equilibrium in gasesThermodynamicss equilibrium are established when no alteration in macroscopic belongings is obtained that is intend the system is isolated from the milieus. The equilibrium is classified to three types mechanical equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, and thermic equilibrium. In chemical equilibrium there is no reaction or affair transportation from one portion of th e system to another portion ( P.K. fireplug ) .The system may be in mechanical equilibrium yet the system may undergo unprompted Change of internal construction due to chemical potency, such as chemical reaction or a transportation of affair, the system so is said to be in chemical equilibrium if all interactions or alterations in the system cease to take topographic point. A burning mixture of O and gasolene is non in chemical equilibrium one time the mixture is ignited.25. Statements of the Second Law/ Kelvin /Planck/Clausius StatementKelvin-Planck statementIt is impossible to build a device which, runing in a rhythm, will bring forth no consequence other that raising of a weight and chilling of heat reservoir ( M.L. Mathur ) .It is impossible to build a cyclic device whose consequence is to pull out heat from a heat reservoir and wholly change over into work ( M.L. Mathur ) .Clausius statementIt is impossible to build a cyclic device which will bring forth no consequence other than the transportation of heat from a low temperature beginning to high temperature heat beginning ( M.L. Mathur ) .The heat can non flux by itself ( with out the aid of an external bureau ) from low temperature to high temperature ( M.L. Mathur ) .Figure ( 14 ) This is non possible ( Kelvin-Planck ) .26. Information of a Mixture of Ideal Gases/ Gibbs-Dalton s LawThe Gibbs-Dalton equation trades with gas mixture belongingss, the entire thermodynamic belongings of a mixture of ideal gases is the amount of the belongingss that the single gases would hold if each occupied the entire mixture volume entirely at the mixture temperature, ( M.L. Mathur ) , besides the mathematical signifier of Gibbs-Dalton equation as shown belowNo.MeasureEquation1Internal Energy2Heat content3 item heat under changeless force per unit area4Specific heat under changeless specific volumeTable ( 2 ) Gas mixture equations ( M.L. Mathur ) .27. HandinessHandiness is the system maximal easy energy. This non me rely depends on the given province of the system but besides on the concluding province to which the system has to be interpreted and mode in which it is done. When availableness of the system is required to be determined so the concluding province of system ought to be nonviable province ( M.L. Mathur ) .The undermentioned points should be observe when finding the handiness of any systemThe concluding province of the system is dead province.The system undergoes alteration of province by a reversible procedure.The construct of handiness introduce wholly a raw and good construct in the field of heat engines where overall thermic efficiency, obtained on the footing of entire chemical energy of the fuel was the lone footing for comparing engines and their public presentation.28. Real Gases /Virial Equation of State /Van der Waals Equation of StateThe continuity of liquids and gases were studied by Van der Waals, the equation of equation of province for gas was obtained in 1873, and the general signifier of Van der Waals equation isWherea changeless measures the cohesive forces.B changeless accounts the volume of gas molecules.V specific volume. Universal gas invariable.Thymine Absolute gas temperature.The restrictions of Van der Waals equation are ( M.L. Mathur ) The invariables a and B are measured changeless for a substance where as they are non this has been proved theoretically every bit good as by experimentation.The p-v secret externalise of Van der Waals equation differs from Andrews secret plan.The value of the critical volume obtained from Van der Waals equation Al coefficient is 3b as compared to its experimental determine value of 2b for the moist substances.The critical coefficient is 0.375 for Van der Waals gas equation but from experiments it was from 0.2 to 0.3 for most substances.29. fugacityFugacity ( degree Fahrenheit ) was used in the first press clipping by Lewis, the value of fugacity approaches the value of force per unit area as the missive tends to zero, when the ideal gas conditions applies. The derived function of the Gibbs part of an ideal gas undergoing an isothermal procedure is ( P.K.NAG ) aa ( 6 )aa.. ( 7 )For an ideal gas the fugacity f equal the gas force per unit area P, fugacity has the same dimensions as force per unit area.Figure ( 15 ) Fugacity with temperature.30. Dalton s Law, Raoult s Law, atomic number 1 s LawDalton states that the force per unit area of a mixture of gases is equal to the amount of the partial force per unit area of each component. This can be easy done utilizing perfect gas equation for component every bit good as for the mixture ( M.L. Mathur ) .Raoult s jurisprudence for F. M. Raoult, a Gallic physicist and chemist provinces that the add-on of solute to a liquid lessens the inclination for the liquid to go a solid or a gas, i.e. , reduces the hinder point and the vapor force per unit area ( see solution ) . For illustration, the add-on of salt to H2O causes the H2O to stop dead below its normal freezing point ( 0AC ) and to boil preceding(prenominal) its normal boil point ( 100AC ) . Qualitatively, depression of the freeze point and decrease of the vapour force per unit area are due to a lowering of the concentration of H2O molecules, since the more solute is added, the less the per centum of H2O molecules in the solution as a whole and therefore the less their inclination to organize into a crystal solid or to get away as a gas. Quantitatively, Raoult s jurisprudence states that the dissolver s vapor force per unit area in solution is equal to its mole fraction times its vapor force per unit area as a pure liquid, from which it follows that the freeze point depression and boiling point lift are straight coition to the mode of the solute, although the invariables of residuum are different in each instance. This mathematical relation, nevertheless, is accurate merely for stretch out solutions. The fact that an appropriate solute can both lower the freeze point and raise the boiling point of a pure liquid is the footing for year-round antifreeze for car chilling systems. In the winter the antifreeze lowers the freezing point of the H2O, forestalling it from stop deading at its normal freezing point in the summer it guards against furuncle over by raising the boiling point of the H2O.In chemical science, Henry s jurisprudence is one of the gas Torahs, formulated by William Henry in 1803. It states that At a changeless temperature, the sum of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is straight relative to the partial force per unit area of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid. An tantamount(predicate) manner of saying the jurisprudence is that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a peculiar temperature is relative to the force per unit area of that gas above the liquid. Henry s jurisprudence has since been shown to use for a broad scope of dilute solutions, non scarce those of gases. An mun dane illustration of Henry s jurisprudence is given by carbonated soft drinks. Before the bottle or can is opened, the gas above the drink is about pure C dioxide at a force per unit area somewhat higher than atmospheric force per unit area. The drink itself contains dissolved C dioxide. When the bottle or can is opened, some of this gas escapes, giving the characteristic hushing ( or dad in the instance of a bubbly bottle ) . Because the force per unit area above the liquid is now lower, some of the dissolved C dioxide comes out of solution as bubbles. If a glass of the drink is left in the unfastened, the concentration of C dioxide in solution will come into equilibrium with the C dioxide in the air, and the drink will travel level ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrys_law ) .31. Lost Work Rate, Irreversibility Rate, Availability LossInformation is produced as a consequence of irreversibilities present in the procedure, this may explicate with the aid of construct of disjointed work. The doomed in work is zero in a reversible procedure and it increases with the addition in irreversibility of the procedure till it becomes maximal in instance of wholly permanent procedure. The unconnected work is therefore defined as the difference of work obtained in a reversible procedure and existent procedure ( M.L. Mathur ) .The undermentioned notes for the work lost should be takenFor a reversible procedure when the work lost is zero the alteration in information is given byThe information of a system can be increased by two ways, best by adding heat to the system or by retention it undergoes an irreversible procedure.The addition in entropy due to work lost is called entropy production.For an adiabatic procedure, the alteration in information is associated with irreversibilities merely.32. Irreversibility and Entropy of an separate SystemThe information of an stray system can neer diminish. This is known as the rule of addition of inform ation. An stray system can ever be formed by including any system and its milieus within a individual boundary. Some times the original system which is so merely a portion of the stray system called a subsystem. The system and milieus in concert include every thing which is affected by the procedure ( P.K. NAG ) .Information may be decreased locally at some part within the stray system. But it must be paying(a) by a greater addition of information some where within the system so that the net consequence of an irreversible procedure is an entropy addition of the hole system. The entropy addition of an stray system is a step of the extent of an irreversibility of the procedure undergone by the system.The information of an stray system ever increases and becomes a upper limit at the province of equilibrium. When the system is at equilibrium any imaginable alteration information would be zero.33. Reversible and Irreversible ProceduresA reversible procedure ( ideal procedure ) is one wh ich is performed in such a manner that at the end of the procedure, both the system and milieus may be restored to their initial provinces, with out bring forthing any alterations in the remainder of the existence. Let the stare of a system be represented by A and allow the system be taken to province B by following the way AB. If the system and besides milieus are restored to their initial provinces and no alteration in the existence is produced, so the procedure AiB will be reversible procedure. In the contrary procedure the system has to be taken from province B to A by following the same way BiA ( P.K. NAG ) .Any irreversible ( natural ) procedure carried out with a finite gradient is an irreversible procedure. A reversible procedure, which consists of a sequence of equilibrium provinces, is an idealised supposititious procedure.Figure ( 16 ) Reversible procedure ( P.K. NAG ) .33. Dynamicss Chemical reaction rates, one-half livesHalf-life is the period of clip it takes for a substance undergoing tumble to diminish by half. The name originally was used to depict a ingest of unstable atoms ( radioactive decay ) , but may use to any measure which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to 1907, was half-life period , which was later shortened to half-life sometime in the early 1950s.Half-lives are really frequently used to depict measures undergoing exponential function decay-for illustration radioactive decay-where the half life is changeless over the whole life of the decay, and is a characteristic unit ( a natural unit of graduated table ) for the exponential decay equation. However, a half life can besides be defined for non-exponential decay procedures, although in these instances the half life varies throughout the decay procedure. For a general debut and description of exponential decay, see the term exponential decay. For a general debut and description of non-exponential decay, see the article rate jurisprudence.An exponential decay procedure can be described by any of the undermentioned three tantamount expressionwhereN0 is the initial measure of the thing that will disintegrate ( this measure may be measured in gms, moles, figure of atoms, etc. ) ,National trust is the measure that still remains and has non yet decayed after a clip T,t1 / 2 is the half life of the decaying measure,I is a positive figure called the mean life-time of the decaying measure,I is a positive figure called the decay invariable of the decaying measure.34. Temperature, force per unit area and i?GGibbs equation shows the relation between force per unit area, temperature, and the alteration in free energy. The equation below shows that relation.G ( P, T ) = U + pV a? TSwhich is the same asG ( P, T ) = H a? TSwhereUracil is the internal energy ( SI unit J )P is force per unit area ( SI unit pascal )Volt is volume ( SI unit M3 )Thymine is the temperature ( SI unit K )Second is the information ( SI unit J per K )Hydrogen is the heat content ( SI unit J )35. Information and DisorderWork is a macroscopic construct. Work involves orderly gesture of molecules as in the enlargement or compaction of a gas. The kinetic energy and possible energy of a system represent orderly signifiers of energy. The kinetic energy of a gas is due to the co-ordinated gesture of all the molecules with the same mean speed in the same way. The possible energy is due to vantage place taken by the molecules or supplantings of molecules from their normal place.It may province approximately that the information of a system is a step of the grade of molecular ruffle bing in the system.Figure ( 17 ) Information and upset ( www.physcis.com ) .36. Osmotic force per unit area / Arrhenius LawThe Arrhenius equation is a simple, but unusually accurate, expression for the temperature dependance of the rate invariable, and hence, rate of a chemical reaction. The equation was foremost proposed by the Dutch chemist J. H. new wave t Hoff in 1884 five old ages subsequently in 1889, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius provided a physical justification and reading for it. Nowadays it is best seen as an existential relationship. 2 It can be used to pattern the temperature-variance of diffusion coefficients, population of crystal vacancies, creep rates, and many other thermally-induced processes/reactions.A historically serviceable generalisation supported by the Arrhenius equation is that, for many common chemical reactions at room temperature, the reaction rate doubles for every 10 grade Celsius addition in temperature ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius_equation ) .In short, the Arrhenius equation gives the dependance of the rate changeless K of chemical reactions on the temperature T ( in absolute temperature, such as Ks or grades Rankine ) and activation energy Ea, as shown below37. Partition mapsIn statistical mechanics, the sectionalisation map Z is an of import measure that encodes the stat istical belongingss of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is a map of temperature and other parametric quantities, such as the volume enveloping a gas. Most of the aggregative thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the entire energy, free energy, information, and force per unit area, can be expressed in footings of the divider map or its derived functions.There are really several different types of divider maps, each matching to different types of statistical ensemble ( or, equivalently, different types of free energy. ) The canonical divider map applies to a canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to change over heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and figure of atoms. The expansive canonical divider map applies to a expansive canonical ensemble, in which the system can interchange both heat and atoms with the environment, at fixed temperature, volume, and chemical potency. Other types of divider maps can be defined for different fortun es ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org ) .pi indicate atom impulse. eleven indicate atom places.d3 is a tachygraphy notation functioning as a reminder that the pi and eleven are vectors in three dimensional infinite.38. Le Chatelier s rule for TemperatureIn 1884, the Gallic Chemist Henri Le Chatelier suggested that equilibrium systems tend to commencement for the effects of unhinging influences. When a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the equilibrium place will switch in the way which tends to minimise, or counteract, the consequence of the perturbation ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org ) ..If the concentration of a solute reactant is increased, the equilibrium place displacements to apply up the added reactants by bring forthing more merchandises.If the force per unit area on an equilibrium system is increased, so the equilibrium place displacements to separatrix down the force per unit area.If the volume of a gaseous equilibrium system is reduce d ( tantamount to an addition in force per unit area ) so the equilibrium place displacements to increase the volume ( tantamount to a lessening in force per unit area )If the temperature of an heat-absorbing equilibrium system is increased, the equilibrium place displacements to utilize up the heat by bring forthing more merchandises.If the temperature of an exothermal equilibrium system is increased, the equilibrium place displacements to utilize up the heat by bring forthing more reactants.39. Colligative belongingssColligative belongingss are the belongingss of the solution based on the figure of molecules per unit volume of the solution. Colligative belongingss include the vapor force per unit area, boiling and stop deading point, and osmotic force per unit area ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org ) .The vapor force per unit area of an ideal solution is dependent on the vapor force per unit area of each chemical constituent and the mole fraction of the constituent nowadays in the solution.The boiling temperature of the solution in the first place making the vapour stage, the freeze point is the lowest temperature of the solution in the lead it transferred to solid province.The osmotic force per unit area of a dilute solution at changeless temperature is straight relative to its concentration. The osmotic force per unit area of a solution is straight relative to its absolute temperature.40. Information and the Clausius inequalityThe 2nd jurisprudence of thermodynamics leads to the definition of a new belongings called information, a quantitative step of microscopic upset for a system. Entropy is a step of energy that is no longer available to execute utile work within the current environment. To obtain the working definition of information and, therefore, the 2nd jurisprudence, allow s deduce the Clausius inequality. See a heat reservoir giving up heat to a reversible heat engine, which in bend gives up heat to a piston-cylinder device as s hown below ( hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org ) .Figure ( 18 ) Piston-cylinder device.

Desire Under the Elms Essay

This article discusses some(prenominal) different elements of the play. It talks about occasions such as the nature of the play, the setting, and evening the concerns that were happen around the eon that the play was written. The critic opens up by giving a brief synopsis of whats happening in the outside world during the time that Eugene ONeil wrote the play.The article opens up stating how ONeil takes a difference response with this play as if he was demonstrating classic theatre. hydrogen is trying to explain that even though the play does non follow any particular play, that it echoes Hippolytus and Medea which both involve incest and infanticide (Henry, 2006). This type of port was highly intolerable during this time this is what made the Desire Under the elm tree stick out to readers and reviewers.In the article, the main point that is b pugnacioust up is the zest amidst Eben and Abby. From the moment that Abby is known at the house, there is some exploit of tension between her and Eben. While Eben tries to remain loyal to the memory of his dumbfound he his overcome by Abby, with her beauty, charm, and grace (Henry, 2006). It is hard for Eben to confess his lamb or true feelings for Abby because it is hard for him to accept Abbys place in his home and the fact that she will one day own the advance that was robbed from his mother. Eben truly believes that Abby is an intruder, that is trying to seek his inheritance. All the season Abby is the type of soulfulness that had learned to fight for what she wants, and she will get it by any centre necessary (Henry, 2006).The article also speaks on Abby as a person. Henry feels that Abby wouldve made a great wife for Ephram for as long as he lived, if Eben had not been around (Henry, 2006). Abby was the type of woman that knew how to get what she wanted. In this parapraxis, in this story Abby had dreams on owning Ephrams farm. She was only 25 years old and she wasnt expecting for Ephram to live t oo much longer, that way she could nonplus some inheritance.There are several things that I learned while reading this critical analysis. The first thing that caught my attention was the history of time during this period. I had no idea the ONeil was living in a time where he had lost both his mother and his brother out front he wrote the play (Henry, 2006). In my opinion, the play was a minor fringe of his own life during this time. He could have very well been compared to Eben. some other important fact that catches my attention about the article is that the conflict between father and son are so strong. In my opinion this proved that Ephram was not a good man at all. Ebens basis for not liking his father was based on the facts that his mother told him. The thing that confused me was why did Ephrams other sons Peter and Simon hate him so much? By watching the movie I can see, that Ephram was rough or hard on his sons but hard as they worked they electrostatic seemed to be a disappointment to him as well. Ephrams main name and address was to have a son that was strong and that he could be lofty of, this was his purpose of having a baby boy with Abby.Last but not least, the article discusses how people can lose focalization. The most obvious case of this in the story is Eben because he loses focus of whats important when he falls in love with Abby. My question is about Ephram. He loses focus when he returns home with Abby. The only thing that he thinks about is not being alone. He never thinks about how his sons will adapt to Abby nor does he even think about does Abby really love him or is she average using him. It is obvious that Ephram loses focus of the ownership of the farm, he just wants mortal to be with in life so that he will not end up alone.

Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Essay

gracious fashions good deal be intriguing and well-nighwhat confusing. Human cultivation is assessed through many factors and throughout this paper I forget be discussing the interactions between the bio-psycho- well-disposed dimensions of development, the concept of man diverseness and cultural competence and also explain the connection between general frames theory and complaisant order. To understand the human thinking and behavior, the professional must grasp an concord of the three elements I listed above.To begin to gain insight into the human behavior one may begin with the biological, mental, and brotherly developments of ones life. These aspects of development argon also referred to the bio-psycho-social. Biological concerns the physical aspect of a psyches life, psychological emphasize an individuals thought member and the social development addresses the individuals interaction with those around them and in their environment. People be very complex and t hese three various aspects process together, shaping the person as a whole. When one of these dimensions is affected, for example if a person gets depressed this affects the psychological area however their social interactions are also affected when the person stays in bed, this can pick out to biological if the individual stops eating.The bio-psycho-social begins at infancy and continues to develop on ones life span. There are normal developmental milestones which are significant in individuals lives these are motor development, personality development, motivation, social development, and learning. There are plastered developments that occur at age-appropriate times, which can tending a professional define the word normal. An example, consider a pampers motor development by the age three or four they can dress and undress themselves. That is considered the norm. The normal development milestones advise a basic line for assessing human behavior, this way the social workers c an distinguish between situations that merit interventions and those who do not.As a social worker it is significant to understand the human behavior and several concepts provide to the understanding. Human diversity, which is the range of differences among groups, which include but are not control to age, race, disability, gender, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation. Then there is cultural competence, which is the master of a certain knowledge, skill, policy, and program. It is vital for the social worker to understand cultural beliefs, values, and practices of their clients. Human diversity is culture, it is the shared attitudes, goals, spiritual beliefs and social expectations that characterize a broader orderliness in which people live.In todays world there is a long way to go to gain cultural competence. Fortunately, social workers are adding cultural competence to their already existing strengths and values, making them well-appointed professionals to slant the appropri ate care to the people. The National Association of Social Workers recently real a standard, requiring the worker to strive to deliver culturally competent operate to their ever more diverse case loads. By the social worker becoming culturally competent, they are better able to address the person with diverse needs, such as the disabled, older adults, and those who are transgender or gay.It is a task for the social worker to find balance between the psychological aspects and the social environment, but it has been done by the use of the general systems theories and social order. The connections between these devil bring an understanding to human behaviors, the functioning, and the thinking of humans. public systems theory is that of wholeness, the system can be a family, a association or an organization. There are many concepts in the system theories some of them are the system, boundaries, subsystems, relationship, input/output, feedback and contrastiveiation. The general sys tems theory takes all that make that system and puts it together, wholeness. Social order describes the norm within society. By using these two concepts together the social worker can understand better their clients, their families, and their communities. totally of which make the client who the client is.Human behavior in our society accumulates many factors as I stated throughout this paper. Many different concepts are needed to jockstrap the professional understand the behaviors of their clients. By fetching into consideration the bio-psycho-social dimensions, looking at the general systems theory and gaining insight into human diversity and cultural competence, the social workers are better able to help the client succeed and fashion a productive member of society. discernment human development and the social environment is the professionals responsibility, to become culturally competent to handle all diversity that may tail their path and to respectfully gain knowledge of the client through their sustain biological, psychological, and sociological elements of what makes them them.

Describe 3 of the deaths in Hamlet Essay

critical point is a avenge tragedy period of play, which was a very popular theme at the time Shakespeare was writing. juncture was scripted at the time Shakespeare was writing at his very best. juncture was create verbally everywhere 400 years ago and has outlived most other penalise plays but still continues to hold great appeal overdue to the final egress it has on all those who essay and hear it As critical point is self-titled we greet juncture entrust die and this event entrust bring a close to the play. Be make water we k right a focus how the play go away end Shakespeare entices the consultation by keeping us on the edge slightly when, w present, how and why it will happen.In this essay I come chosen to write active the finis of Gertrude, Claudius and settlement. All three characters die in the last meet, Act 5. critical point is a play set in Denmark. His prevail at the start of the play has already been brutally rack uped by his ( hamlets) Uncle Claudius. associate to the deceased force. The shadow of his father appears to him and reveals how Claudius so cunningly murdered him, and begs crossroads to avenge his remnant. Ghost Revenge his foul and most unnatural murther hamlet is already furious with Claudius for marrying his suffer within such a briefly time of his fathers dying. hamlet for look how cheerful my mother looks, and my father died withins ii hours. This causes him to wonder if his mother had had whatever part in his fathers murder excessively. critical point within him vows to obey the tracing of his father. While all this is happening Fortinbras of Norway is invading Denmark with the aim of avenging his fathers death that was interpreted by the late king of Denmark, small towns father. juncture decides to have the players play a play similar to the death of his father to hold back the reaction of Claudius. Hamlet Ill have these Players, Play something like the murder of my father, Before min e uncle. Ill observe his looks,He wants to be real that the ghost was not evil and telling the truth. The play is a achievement and Hamlet erect today be sure that Claudius is responsible for the death of his father. Gertrude, Hamlets mother along with every mavin else are outraged by Hamlets change in character. Polonius, Lord Chamberlain, a peachy friend to the king believes Hamlet is mad as a result of his daughter Ophelia rejecting Hamlets love as he had say her too. Gertrude asks for her son to visit her in her bedroom. Here Hamlet mistakenly stabs Polonius who is privacy behind the curtains when he heard Hamlets footsteps approaching subsequently(prenominal) having been talking to the queen.Queen O what a rash and bloody title this this Polonius children straightaway change in character. Ophelia turns mad and drowns herself, while Laertes generates from studying in France and is as well driven to avenge his fathers death. Hamlets madness causes Claudius to send Ha mlet to England. However, Hamlet who seems always to be one step ahead of the king knows Claudius has sent a letter requesting Hamlets death and switches the note with his own for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, one time friends of Hamlets, before they decided to snoop him by becoming Claudius informants and so they are killed.Hamlet Why do you think I am easier to be played on, than a holler? Later Hamlet returns to Denmark, to much surprise of the king to see Ophelias burial. Throughout the play the auditory sense are kept in suspense about as to when Hamlet will strike Claudius. Hamlet can be seen as a hero or villain. Shakespeare makes the sense of hearing see Hamlet as a hero. Through Hamlets soliloquies the audience musical note as though they come to know Hamlet. In this they envision what he is going through and through and feel his hurt and pain, which is not bountiful to justify his killing on Claudius but to understand why he feels he must.Act 5 begins with the bur ial of Ophelia and shows the first confrontation amongst Laertes and Hamlet. Here Shakespeare allows the audience to acknowledge that two Laertes and Hamlet are woeful in the same way although Laertes has lost both a father and sister, as Ophelias death was a result of her fathers. However, Shakespeare causes the audience to rationalize Hamlets wrong deed and side with him. Scene two from this Act is the last in the play. Claudius falsely welcomes Hamlet home. However, Claudius and Laertes see Hamlets return as a suggestion to all their troubles, to kill Hamlet once and for all.They cunningly plan a duel betwixt Laertes the best attack aircraft and Hamlet. What they do not know is that Hamlet has been practicing during his time in England. Hamlet since I went into France, I have been in continual practice The occurrence that this is riddlely revealed by Hamlet to Horatio, Hamlets goodness friend, reveals also a secret to the audience. At this point the audience cannot be su re if Hamlet will die, as the title suggests. The audience are at this point plagued with the fact that Laertes, Claudius and Fortinbras are all awaiting the day that Hamlet will die.During the wager Hamlet is the first to make a hit. Laertes and Hamlet soon scuffle and appal each other. However, Laertes sword has embitter on so that when he hits Hamlet he will die. This was the plan of the king and Laertes. The king who also compose a poison pearl into the win glass If Hamlet select the first, or second hit,.. is dismay when Gertrude make merrys from the cup in honour of Hamlet giving the first hit. Gertrude soon dies. Queen The drink, the drink, I am poisond. The fact that we never truly knew until this point that Gertrude was an innocent party in her husbands murder causes us to feel compassionate for her.We also ruth her as Claudius tried to have her son executed and mistaken to love her in order to keep the thrown. The audience can now see that Gertrude was tricked f rom the beginning by Claudius, as well as he taking her husbands life he has also taking her own. This shoes that Claudius was exactly looking after himself. We pity her because Claudius could never have loved her especially not as her husband did as he was the cause of her death. The way in which she was killed causes the audience to do it horror because we did not expect Gertrude to drink the wine. Also because it was her husband that allows her to die.Although he tries to stop her he does not reach hard enough. King Gertrude, do not drink. It horrifies us that Claudius was so dying(predicate) to get rid of Hamlet that he even had two plans and so we dismay what will happen next. Claudius is already aware that it will exactly be a theme of time before Hamlet will die as before Laertes did he had cut Hamlet. We also caution what Claudius has become and if he will stop at anything. Hamlet has now lost a mother and a father at the men of Claudius. The audience are now fearfu l of the amount of hatred Hamlet must have for Claudius and fear how he will react.The sudden death of Hamlets father and Gertrude leaves the audience disturbed as both had no time to repent their sins and we fear if Gertrude will become c catchd for a certain term to walk the night The game of Hamlet thickens to a greater extent and the audience at this point are left field field to wonder if Claudius will get away with his terrible deeds. However, during the scuffe hamlet picked up Laertes sword when it the scuffle it had been knocked forom his hand and Hamlet had wounded Laertes At this effect Laertes exchange forgiveness with Hamlet and his last few words ensure that the king, He is justly served. Laertes the King, the Kings to blame. When Hamlet is sure that it was Treason he stabs the king and he is only indeed justly killd with mine own treachery. The king is now dead. At this point it is hard to pity Claudius because he has been the cause of so many an(prenominal) live s being taken away. In spite of this we pity him because he is human and he did attempt to stop Gertrude which he did not have to do. We can also pity him because Hamlet and his parents had a good family and wealth and friends all of which Claudius did not. The audience have been forced from the start of the play to believe that there is an after life and creative activity, heaven and hell.We therefore pity what will become of Claudius because he has been so bad. Ghost My hour is close to come, When sulphurous and tormenting flames This shows that the ghost of Hamlets father is going to hell, so we pity Claudius as we assume he will be here also. On the other hand we cannot forget what Claudius has done and are horrified by his actions. The numerous ways he has tried to kill Hamlet on several occasions and stopping at nothing, no matter who he hurt in order to achieve his aim. We are once again horrified by Claudius allowing his wife Gertrude to die.At this point it looks as thou gh everyone with a path to the throne is dead. We now fear for the people of Denmark about who will save them from Fortinbras. Hamlet who was stabbed by Laertes with the poisonous sword is now feeling the effect of the poison and can feel it taking over him. Hamlet departs this life. Hamlet I am dead, Shakespeare causes the audience to pity Hamlet because he has lost both his mother and father and lover. Claudius had been attempting to kill Hamlet for ages and because he kept failing the audience feel as though hamlet has outwitted Claudius until now and so maybe he would live.The audience have become attached to Hamlet and it hurts them to see him die. We pity Hamlet because he may also go to hell when he was only stressful to get even with Claudius the way he thought was right. The audience also pity Hamlet as if Claudius had let his father be, then the ghost would not have told him the truth and he would still be alive. Nevertheless, we fear for Hamlet in the next life, and are horrified that Hamlet dies and Fortinbras is left to take the throne without opposition. Hamlet is very much a revenge tragedy. The first murder of his father led to a string of killings after it.In stating this it shows that certain deaths had to come first in order for others to occur. I think Shakespeares Hamlet has been such a success due to the truthful implications it deals with. Revenge is thought to be wrong, immoral, but in Hamlet Shakespeare expresses revenge as the natural human impulse that lies within us all. Hamlet is only acting out of the love he has for his father, which is doubtless the reaction each and every one of us would take. Although revenge was a popular theme during the time Hamlet was acted, Shakespeare takes it that great leap pull ahead which no author had began or even thought about doing.alternatively of hating the avenger and wanting him to die we appreciate his aim and hence feel sorry for him at his death. Shakespeare forces us to perceive Hamlet for the person he is and not for the vile act he commits. The concept of Claudius having destroyed his family as well as his life remains at the forefront of our minds whilst ceremonial occasion the play and causes us to feel immense pity towards Hamlet and we the audience can therefore not loathe him. What makes Hamlet all the more fascinating is that we are kept in suspense as to if Gertrude had a part in the murder of her Husband.Throughout the play Shakespeare causes the audience to experience horror, pity and fear by making the next stage in the play all the more unpredictable. Just when we think we know what will happen due to what has been revealed to us through conversation and especially soliloquies does Shakespeare depict us wrong by adding an unexpected twist. I think Hamlet has also been such a success because it shows how life in this world is so short and puts fear into us about life in the next. It also shows how one incident can affect so many lives so much.The fa ct that Hamlet is betrayal within a family causes the audience to feel that little bit more afraid. When the tight unity between families is broken then respect for anyone can hardly be possible, as the ability to trust and love another must be hard. even up so Hamlet did and still does love Ophelia. Hamlet I lovd Ophelia forty thousand brothers Could not (with all their quantities of love) Make up my sum. What loll thou do for her? Shakespeare causes even more pity towards Hamlet, as through this quote it is inevitable that Laertes loss was also a loss of Hamlets.

Descartes ; Hume’s Theory on Knowledge

Knowledge is the things that cardinal has taken into itself and made the decision to believe that it is true. This leads to the question, what makes legitimate obtained pieces of knowledge true? Descartes would doubt everything until he came to an absolute and undeniable truth. If he had any reason to doubt something, it could non be true knowledge. Descartes thus discovered one thing that he could not doubt and that is I rally, on that pointfore I am. He says that if he can think, therefore he knows that he exists. I twin and dis sum with Rene Descartes theory of how we stir knowledge.Just because you pretend doubt about something does not necessarily mean there is no knowledge of it. What one may doubt, another person may have knowledge of. So is that persons knowledge false? I say no. There are many situations like that. unitary may doubt the existence of God, but I do not doubt it. Since we all have our own beliefs, it does not mean one is wrong. So I do not agree wi th him saying there is no knowledge of things that he has the slightest doubt about. I do agree with his famous line I think, therefore I am. If one has the drumhead activity to think, then yes they do exist and that is certain.Since I am thinking, then I do have knowledge that I certainly exist. On the other hand, if one is in a coma then I tranquillise do believe that they exist. If you are living, breathing and your heart is slaughter then you without doubt exist even though you are not really thinking. One in a coma does have the mogul to think once out of the coma so therefore they still exist. Hume was an empiricist and he believed that all knowledge sums through view. If you want to know anything about what the world is like, you have to go out and explore you cannot simply sit, think really hard and hope to come up with knowledge.He believed, along with the position that knowledge is learned through experience, that a persons experiences are nothing to a greater exte nt than the subjects of his or her own perception. The knowledge of anything comes from the way it is observed through the quintuplet senses. Hume began to differentiate between feelings and thoughts. Feelings are only impressions made upon the body, and thoughts arrive from impressions marrow you cannot have feelings on things you have not experienced. I do agree that one can build knowledge through experiences, but also through being taught what we learn in school.In order for us to be taught things in school one had to experience the scientific study, math equating or whatever the material consisted of. People did not just come up with these facts on his/her own. They spent a lot of time researching and experiencing them to gain knowledge about whatever they learned. We do gain knowledge from things we experience on our own as well. The saying People learn from their mistakes is the gross(a) example. A child touches a hot stove and burns their hand, in doing so they learn no t to touch it because they will remember what happened. In this case, they do learn from an experience.